Objective Little is known about intestinal anastomotic leakage and stenosis in young children (≤3 years of age). The purpose of this study is to answer the following questions: (1) what is the incidence of anastomotic stenosis and leakage in infants?
Tom Nolan’s research reviews—31 August 2023
Pred weightHow much should you worry about the effect of weight and blood pressure if prescribing long term low dose glucocorticoids? An analysis of individual data from five randomised controlled trials looked at 1112 people with rheumatoid arthritis who were
Intrauterine devices in the management of postpartum hemorrhage
Obstetrical hemorrhage is a relatively frequent obstetric complication, and a common cause of maternal morbidity and mortality worldwide. The majority of maternal deaths attributable to hemorrhage are preventable, thus developing rapid and effective means of treating postpartum hemorrhage is of
[Editorial] New developments in bronchiectasis
Bronchiectasis, a previously neglected disease, is becoming more commonly diagnosed despite varying presentation and overlapping symptoms with other respiratory infections. World Bronchiectasis Day on July 1, 2023, aimed to raise disease awareness through discussions between patients, advocacy groups, and key
Ancestral diversity in lipoprotein(a) studies helps address evidence gaps
Introduction The independent and causal cardiovascular disease risk factor lipoprotein(a) (Lp(a)) is elevated in >1.5 billion individuals worldwide, but studies have prioritised European populations. Methods Here, we examined how ancestrally diverse studies could clarify Lp(a)’s genetic architecture, inform efforts examining
Peter Brunt: gastroenterologist, physician to the Queen in Scotland, and ordained priest
bmj;382/aug30_12/p1994/FAF1faPeter Brunt, professor of medicine in Aberdeen, worked with some outstanding pioneers before becoming one himself—as one of the first physician-gastroenterologists. In the world at large he was perhaps better known as physician to the Queen in Scotland, a man
Medical necessity and consent for intimate procedures
This issue considers the ethics of a healthcare provider intervening into a patient’s genitalia, whether by means of cutting or surgery or by ‘mere’ touching/examination. Authors argue that the permissibility of such actions in the absence of a relevant medical
[Editorial] Avoidable mortality in the UK unlikely to change soon
On Aug 4, 2023, NHS England’s Elective Recovery Taskforce published its implementation plan for tackling the backlog of patients waiting for elective care following the COVID-19 pandemic. Confronting the UK’s backlog is of particular relevance to patients with cancer. Early
[Editorial] Tackling the enormous global burden of anaemia
Anaemia is the most common blood disorder worldwide, estimated to affect nearly a quarter of people globally. Although this proportion is huge, new estimates from the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study 2021 suggest that the global
In vivo editing of blood stem cells
Nature Reviews Genetics, Published online: 29 August 2023; doi:10.1038/s41576-023-00653-2 Breda et al. developed a method for gene editing bone marrow cells in vivo, circumventing the need for toxic conditioning regimens such as chemotherapy or radiation.
England’s new workforce plan is a propaganda masterclass in glossing over the gaps
This Editor’s Choice article (BMJ 2023;382:p1542, 6 July 2023, doi:10.1136/bmj.p1542) referred to England’s (rather than the UK’s) Conservative government. This has now been corrected.
Solanum americanum genome-assisted discovery of immune receptors that detect potato late blight pathogen effectors
Nature Genetics, Published online: 28 August 2023; doi:10.1038/s41588-023-01486-9 High-quality genome assemblies of four Solanum Americanum accessions lead to the identification of three NLR-encoding genes, Rpi-amr4, R02860 and R04373, that recognize potato late blight pathogen Phytophthora infestans effectors.
The BE-ALIVE score: assessing 30-day mortality risk in patients presenting with acute coronary syndromes
Aim To create and validate a simple scoring system for predicting 30-day mortality in patients presenting with acute coronary syndromes (ACS) at their moment of admission. Methods and results 2407 consecutive patients presenting to Harefield Hospital with measured arterial blood
Evidence regarding the management of patients with prior preterm birth limits any economic analysis.
Effect of Frailty on Hospital Outcomes Among Pediatric Cancer Patients in the United States: Results From the National Inpatient Sample
Background: Studies on frailty among pediatric patients with cancer are scarce. In this study, we sought to understand the effects of frailty on hospital outcomes in pediatric patients with cancer. Methods: This retrospective study used data collected and stored in
The evolving landscape of salivary gland tumors
Abstract Salivary gland cancers are a rare, histologically diverse group of tumors. They range from indolent to aggressive and can cause significant morbidity and mortality. Surgical resection remains the mainstay of treatment, but radiation and systemic therapy are also critical
Abortion training information on obstetrics and gynecology residency program websites
Author Correction: Somatic mutations in facial skin from countries of contrasting skin cancer risk
Nature Genetics, Published online: 25 August 2023; doi:10.1038/s41588-023-01508-6 Author Correction: Somatic mutations in facial skin from countries of contrasting skin cancer risk
Do doctors need to be told to be kind?
On 22 August 2023, the General Medical Council (GMC) published the latest version of Good Medical Practice, its guidance for doctors.1 The guidance will come into effect on 30 January 2024, but it has already been widely debated by doctors
Association between implanted cardioverter-defibrillators and mortality for patients with left ventricular ejection fraction between 30% and 35%
Background Consensus guidelines support the use of implanted cardioverter-defibrillators (ICD) for primary prevention of sudden cardiac death in patients with either non-ischaemic or ischaemic cardiomyopathy with left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) ≤35%. However, evidence from trials for efficacy specifically for
Correction: Indobufen versus aspirin in acute ischaemic stroke (INSURE): rationale and design of a multicentre randomised trial
Validation of Navigator-Assisted Hypofractionation (NAVAH) Program Survey to Aid American Indian Breast Cancer Patients
No abstract available
Pre-eclampsia or non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: is it only overlap which explains increased liver stiffness, observed in ante- and post-partum elastography?
Multiparameter prediction of myeloid neoplasia risk
Nature Genetics, Published online: 24 August 2023; doi:10.1038/s41588-023-01472-1 An analysis of UK Biobank participants shows that the risk of developing different types of myeloid neoplasms can be inferred years before diagnosis. The authors integrate somatic gene mutations with blood test
Principles and methods for transferring polygenic risk scores across global populations
Nature Reviews Genetics, Published online: 24 August 2023; doi:10.1038/s41576-023-00637-2 This Review summarizes the genetic and non-genetic factors that impact the transferability of polygenic risk scores (PRSs) across populations, highlighting the technical challenges of existing PRS construction methods for diverse ancestries
[Editorial] Perinatal depression: a neglected aspect of maternal health
Perinatal depression, among the most common morbidities of pregnancy and the postnatal period, is a major public health challenge. The US Food and Drug Administration’s approval of zuranolone, the first oral drug indicated for the treatment of postpartum depression, on
Good medical practice a missed opportunity to embed sustainability in ethical standards
The General Medical Council’s (GMC) updated guidance, Good Medical Practice, is a disappointing missed opportunity to embed sustainability as a core focus of medical practice.Following extensive consultation, which received more than 4,600 responses from across health professionals, patients and carers,
Antiplatelet therapy and long-term mortality in patients with myocardial injury after non-cardiac surgery
Backgrounds Myocardial injury after non-cardiac surgery (MINS) has recently been accepted as a common complication associated with increased mortality. However, little is known about the treatment of MINS. The aim of this study was to investigate an association between antiplatelet
Correction: Breathing training improves exercise capacity in patients with tetralogy of Fallot: a randomised trial
Hock J, Remmele J, Oberhoffer R, et al. Breathing training improves exercise capacity in patients with tetralogy of Fallot: a randomised trial. Heart 2022;108:111-116. doi: 10.1136/heartjnl-2020-318574 This article has been corrected since it was first published. A sentence in the
The evolving landscape of salivary gland tumors
Abstract Salivary gland cancers are a rare, histologically diverse group of tumors. They range from indolent to aggressive and can cause significant morbidity and mortality. Surgical resection remains the mainstay of treatment, but radiation and systemic therapy are also critical
A new technique to preserve the uterus in patients with placenta accreta spectrum disorders
Placenta accreta spectrum disorders are associated with substantial maternal morbidity and mortality. Despite a preoperative diagnosis, the rate of complications remains high and the condition is generally associated with the need for a hysterectomy.
[Editorial] Negligible role of suppressed HIV in sexual transmission
On July 23, 2023, WHO launched the policy brief The Role of HIV Viral Suppression in Improving Individual Health and Reducing Transmission at the 12th International AIDS Society Conference on HIV Science in Brisbane, Australia. The brief clarifies what the
We must change course to create a world free from the threats of nuclear annihilation and armed violence
Launer describes the devastating effects of nuclear weapons and highlights the moral responsibility of medical professionals to prioritise the elimination of nuclear weapons as an urgent medical, humanitarian, and public health imperative.1 We doctors have a profound understanding of both
Primary survey: Highlights from this issue
Welcome to the September 2023 issue of the Emergency Medicine Journal. This month we have a trio of papers on health services: a qualitative study exploring views of NHS 111 from the perspective of the Emergency Department (ED); a retrospective
Advancing global public health with occupational epidemiology
The 2023 International Epidemiology in Occupational Health (EPICOH) meeting in Mumbai, India focused on the theme: ‘Occupational Health Epidemiology: Need for Concerted Action’. I had the honor of being invited to deliver the Lifetime Achievement Oration. I prepared for this
[Editorial] Eating disorders: care not keeping up with demand
Eating disorders are complex mental health conditions that affect an estimated 1·25 million people in the UK, three quarters of whom are female. The disorders often emerge during adolescence and include anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa, binge-eating disorder, avoidant or restrictive
Illustration Error
In the Review article “Common Hand Conditions,” published in the June 28, 2022, issue of JAMA, Figure 3 incorrectly showed the muscle insertions of the extensor pollicis brevis and the abductor pollicus longus in the lateral view of the hand.
Chronic pain: a flawed and harmful dichotomisation
Kang and colleagues have concisely summarised the definitions and diagnosis of chronic pain.1 There are several major problems underlying the decision to label chronic pain a diagnosis and to subsequently dichotomise this complex entity into “primary” and “secondary” subtypes. The
What do we know about pseudodementia?
Depression and dementia can lead to generalised cognitive and memory dysfunction. Thus, differentiating these disorders is important and challenging. Pseudodementia is a term used clinically to describe symptoms that resemble dementia but are caused by other conditions (most frequently depression),
Patient au-T-onomy
Modern families are created in various ways, and the “traditional family” consisting of a cisgender heterosexual couple in their first marriage with biological children is just 1 family type in modern societies.1 It has been demonstrated that concerns about welfare
GATK-gCNV enables the discovery of rare copy number variants from exome sequencing data
Nature Genetics, Published online: 21 August 2023; doi:10.1038/s41588-023-01449-0 GATK-gCNV uses a probabilistic model and inference framework to discover rare copy number variants (CNVs) from sequencing read-depth information. This algorithm is used to generate a reference catalog of rare coding CNVs
Self-start HIV postexposure prophylaxis (PEPSE), to reduce time to first dose and increase efficacy
Background Effectiveness of HIV postexposure prophylaxis (PEPSE) correlates with speed of uptake following HIV exposure. Time to first dose has not improved in the UK for over 10 years. On-demand pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) has shown that people can self-start medication
Long-term outcomes among stable post-acute myocardial infarction patients living in rural versus urban areas: insights from the prospective, observational TIGRIS registry
Background Insights on the differences in clinical outcomes, quality of life (QoL) and health resource utilisation (HRU) with different levels of care available to post-acute myocardial infarction (AMI) populations in rural and urban settings are limited. Methods The long-Term rIsk,
GOLM1: expanding our understanding of melanoma susceptibility
Altered GOLM1 expression is associated with tumorigenesis, but only one GOLM1 variant (p.S307L), has ever been reported in association with disease (familial melanoma).1 Exome data was filtered for coding variants GOLM1 in a high-risk primary melanoma cohort (n=384 unrelated probands).
Former deputy chief medical officer Jonathan Van-Tam joins Moderna as clinical adviser
England’s former deputy chief medical officer Jonathan Van-Tam, who became a recognisable face during the covid pandemic, has taken up a new role advising the covid vaccine maker Moderna.In a statement posted on LinkedIn,1 the pharmaceutical and biotechnology company announced
At a glance
Specific location of ocular adnexal lymphoma and mortality: an international multicentre retrospective study (see page 1231) A comparison of 1168 patients with ocular adnexal lymphoma found eyelid location had significantly higher disease-specific mortality than other ocular adnexal locations in both
Changes in numbers and academic ranks of Hispanic faculty in departments of obstetrics and gynecology
Abstracts from; The 40th Annual Symposium of the National Neurotrauma Society; June 25–28, 2023; Austin, Texas, USA
Journal of Neurotrauma, Volume 40, Issue 15-16, Page A-1-A-140, August 2023.
Pre-pregnancy plant-based diets and risk of hypertensive disorders of pregnancy
Plant-based diets (PBD) have been associated to a lower risk of cardiovascular disease in non-pregnant adults, but specific evidence for their effects on risk of hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (HDP) is scarce.
Diets of under 5s in the UK: any new national food strategy must consider socioeconomic factors
Mahase highlights the need for a better national food strategy for the UK.1 A recent report by the Scientific Advisory Committee on Nutrition warns that the average diet of 1 to 5 year olds does not reach recommended standards for
Emerging therapeutics and evolving assessment criteria for intracranial metastases in patients with oncogene-driven non-small-cell lung cancer
Nature Reviews Clinical Oncology, Published online: 17 August 2023; doi:10.1038/s41571-023-00808-4 Despite improved outcomes owing to advances in systemic targeted therapies, patients with brain metastases from oncogene-driven non-small-cell lung cancer continue to have a poor prognosis. This situation largely reflects the
Association of genital talc and douche use in early adolescence or adulthood with uterine fibroids diagnoses
Genital talc and douching are practices that can involve exposure to chemical compounds linked to certain gynecologic cancers. However, it is unclear if they are associated with fibroid risk or age at fibroid diagnosis among women.
Exome sequencing identifies breast cancer susceptibility genes and defines the contribution of coding variants to breast cancer risk
Nature Genetics, Published online: 17 August 2023; doi:10.1038/s41588-023-01466-z Meta-analysis of three large whole-exome sequencing datasets highlights protein-truncating and rare missense variants associated with breast cancer susceptibility.
Herpes simplex virus gene therapy for dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa (DEB)
The FDA has recently approved Krystal biotech’s beremagene geperpavec (B-VEC, Vyjuvek) to treat the wounds of dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa (DEB) patients. This represents a giant step, not only toward the treatment of this devastating disease, but also for the whole
[Editorial] Ending the HIV pandemic: preparing for the future
Last month, ahead of the International AIDS Conference in Brisbane, Australia, a landmark study published in The Lancet by Laura N Broyles and colleagues reported that people living with HIV who maintain low—but still detectable—levels of the virus (less than
NHS cancer targets are slimmed down with the aim of speeding up diagnoses
The current 10 cancer targets in the NHS in England are to be slimmed down to just three “standards” from later this year in a move designed to speed up diagnosis times and improve cancer care.Health experts and some politicians
Cytokine pattern in patients with ST-elevation myocardial infarction treated with the interleukin-6 receptor antagonist tocilizumab
Background Tocilizumab improves myocardial salvage index (MSI) in patients with ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI), but its mechanisms of action are unclear. Here, we explored how cytokines were affected by tocilizumab and their correlations with neutrophils, C-reactive protein (CRP), troponin T,
Fantoms
Two-year outcomes following a randomised platelet-transfusion trial in preterm infants It is great to see the 2 year outcomes of the PlaNeT-2/MATISSE (Platelets for Neonatal Transfusion-2/Management of Thrombocytopenia in Special Subgroup) study in the journal. This randomised-controlled trial examined the
Unravelling the USP6 gene: an update
Ubiquitin-specific protease 6 (USP6) rearrangements have been identified in aneurysmal bone cyst, nodular fasciitis, myositis ossificans, fibro-osseous pseudotumour of digits and cellular fibroma of tendon sheath. These entities show clinical as well as histological overlap, suggesting they are all clonal
Atoms
TimingPnomh Penh 22.10 After a protracted delivery and some unexpected hesitancy after the cord is deftly cut by the obstetrician, Achariya draws her first breath under the glare of the maternity theatre lamp. Lusaka 17.10 Had her parents delayed leaving
Targeting cancer with mRNA–lipid nanoparticles: key considerations and future prospects
Nature Reviews Clinical Oncology, Published online: 16 August 2023; doi:10.1038/s41571-023-00811-9 In oncology, mRNA–lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) have been used either to achieve intratumoural expression of immune-stimulating cytokine combinations or as cancer vaccines, and new strategies are in development to enable the
Gestational diabetes mellitus and adverse maternal and perinatal outcomes in twin and singleton pregnancies: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
To assess the risk of adverse maternal and perinatal complications in twin and singleton pregnancies affected by gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), compared to the respective group without GDM.
Spinocerebellar ataxia type 1: It’s not just about Purkinje cells
In this issue of Neuron, Pilotto et al. use state-of-the-art in vivo imaging in mice to show that excitatory/inhibitory imbalance drives SCA1 pathophysiology, with hyperexcitable molecular layer interneurons overinhibiting Purkinje cells, leading to hallmark neurodegeneration.
[Editorial] Brain health, disability, and the need for broader thinking
According to WHO, disability is part of being human. Around 1·3 billion people have a disability, with neurological disorders being the leading cause. Disabilities can affect people of every age, ethnic background, and gender, yet people with disabilities still face
[Editorial] Mental health research in China
China’s rapidly growing economy and urbanisation have lifted much of its population out of poverty, but have also created new psychological pressures. With the world’s second largest population, at over 1·4 billion, even minor shifts in the prevalence of mental
Colchicine in patients with heart failure and preserved left ventricular ejection fraction: rationale and design of a prospective, randomised, open-label, crossover clinical trial
Introduction Systemic low-grade inflammation is a fundamental pathophysiological mechanism of heart failure with preserved left ventricular ejection fraction (HFpEF). The efficacy of anti-inflammatory therapy in HFpEF is largely understudied. The aim of the study is to assess the anti-inflammatory effect
Socioeconomic status, maternal risk factors, and gestational diabetes mellitus across reproductive years: a Finnish register-based study
Introduction To evaluate the degree to which socioeconomic differences in gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) are accounted for by differences in maternal risk factors, to assess whether age-related risks of GDM differ across socioeconomic groups, and to identify priority populations for
Consumer fertility tests: five minutes with . . . Brooke Nickel
“Feminist narratives have been increasingly co-opted or hijacked by commercial entities. Industry, consumer, and advocacy groups and media organisations now promote technology, drugs, or interventions to more women than are likely to benefit. Often these things are not backed by
Correction: British thoracic Society Winter Meeting 2022
Amendments to author list: P78 – Impact of COVID19 pandemic on Thoracoscopy services – change in practice to day-case procedure M Aboushehata, M Shakoor, A Mohammed, S Iftikhar, Q Abdullah, E Hussain, S Leyakathali Khan, M Haris. North Midland University Hospital,
Impact of Trophectoderm Biopsy for Preimplantation Genetic Testing on Obstetric and Neonatal Outcomes: A Meta-analysis
This study aimed to investigate whether trophectoderm (TE) biopsy for preimplantation genetic testing (PGT) is associated with an increased risk of adverse obstetric and neonatal outcomes as compared with that in conventional in-vitro fertilization/intracytoplasmic sperm injection (IVF/ICSI) without PGT.
In vivo screening characterizes chromatin factor functions during normal and malignant hematopoiesis
Nature Genetics, Published online: 14 August 2023; doi:10.1038/s41588-023-01471-2 Bulk ex vivo and single-cell in vivo CRISPR knockout screens are used to characterize 680 chromatin factors during mouse hematopoiesis, highlighting lineage-specific and normal and leukemia-specific functions.
Explaining the male bias in cancers
Nature Reviews Genetics, Published online: 14 August 2023; doi:10.1038/s41576-023-00650-5 Two studies published in Nature investigate the genetic mechanisms of sex bias in cancers and implicate Y chromosome genes in contributing to the aggressiveness of bladder cancer and colorectal cancer in
Incorrect Nonauthor Collaborator Name
In the Original Investigation titled “Effect of Ivermectin vs Placebo on Time to Sustained Recovery in Outpatients With Mild to Moderate COVID-19: A Randomized Clinical Trial,” published in the October 25, 2022, issue of JAMA, a nonauthor collaborator’s surname was
[Editorial] Boy children and adolescents: left off the path that ends AIDS
According to the latest UNAIDS Global AIDS Update, The Path That Ends AIDS, 2022 saw the fewest new HIV infections globally since the late 1980s. Countries putting people and communities first, and investing in evidence-based HIV prevention and treatment programmes,
Two years on from Taliban takeover of Afghanistan, the Hazaras community is a neglected people at risk of genocide
On the second anniversary of Kabul’s fall to the Taliban, Afghanistan finds itself entangled in an increasingly profound crisis. The situation is extremely difficult for all Afghans, but particularly women and girls who are being deprived of essential rights, such
Chromophobe renal cell carcinoma
Chromophobe renal cell carcinoma (ChRCC) is the second most common variant histology RCC. ChRCC is distinct from clear cell RCC (ccRCC) in terms of genetics, genomics, metabolism, cell of origin, and response to targeted and immune therapies. The pathogenesis of
BMA chair predicts “bleak” future for Scotland’s GPs without more investment
GPs in Scotland have issued an urgent plea for help, and most say that their practices are not sustainable in the long term.A survey carried out by BMA Scotland also found that a quarter of GPs were considering leaving their
Tipping the scales towards routine APOE genotyping
Personalised Alzheimer’s disease prevention and treatment will rely on APOE genotyping but this well-validated predictor is rarely used in routine care Preventing or delaying dementia due to Alzheimer’s disease (AD) requires personalised risk reduction plans.1 Obesity is a risk factor
Overdiagnosis and too much medicine in a world of crises
Many healthcare systems are facing crises of excess demand, increased prevalence of chronic disease, spiralling costs, and workforce challenges which threaten their functioning.12 Recent evidence suggests that part of the increase in prevalence of “disease” is due to overdiagnosis, overtreatment,
When I use a word . . . ChatGPT: a differential diagnosis
The silly seasonWe are in the middle of what is called, or at least used to be called, the “silly season.” The Oxford English Dictionary (OED) defines it as “A period (typically in late summer and early autumn) when newspapers
Heart failure virtual consultation: caters for frailer, multimorbid and remote patients
Background: The heart failure (HF) virtual consultation (VC) is an eHealth tool for delivery of peer-to-peer specialist advice to general practitioners (GPs) to discuss HF diagnosis/management. We aim to investigate the impact of the VC service on onward referral rate
Expert consensus recommendations for the provision of infective endocarditis services: updated guidance from the Joint British Societies
Infective endocarditis (IE) remains a difficult condition to diagnose and treat and is an infection of high consequence for patients, causing long hospital stays, life-changing complications and high mortality. A new multidisciplinary, multiprofessional, British Society for Antimicrobial Chemotherapy (BSAC)-ledWorking Party
Correspondence on “Testing different thresholds for patient global assessment in defining remission for rheumatoid arthritis: are the current ACR/EULAR Boolean criteria optimal?”
I’m very happy to see that Studenic et al have validated the widely circulating suggestion1 2 to change the ACR/EULAR remission definition by raising the threshold for patient global assessment to 2 (on a 0–10 scale). This small but important
Novel ICI–TKI combination improves HCC outcomes
Nature Reviews Clinical Oncology, Published online: 10 August 2023; doi:10.1038/s41571-023-00812-8 Novel ICI–TKI combination improves HCC outcomes
The evolving landscape of salivary gland tumors
Abstract Salivary gland cancers are a rare, histologically diverse group of tumors. They range from indolent to aggressive and can cause significant morbidity and mortality. Surgical resection remains the mainstay of treatment, but radiation and systemic therapy are also critical
The association between hCG and adverse pregnancy outcomes: a systematic review and meta-analysis
To evaluate the association between hCG and adverse pregnancy outcomes.
Advancing variant effect prediction using protein language models
Nature Genetics, Published online: 10 August 2023; doi:10.1038/s41588-023-01470-3 A novel pipeline that expands the utility of the protein language model ESM1b has provided variant effect predictions for more than 40,000 protein isoforms. This strategy outperformed several state-of-the-art methods over multiple
[Editorial] AI in medicine: creating a safe and equitable future
The meteoric progress of generative artificial intelligence (AI)—such as Open AI’s ChatGPT, capable of holding realistic conversations, or others of creating realistic images and video from simple prompts—has renewed interest in the transformative potential of AI, including for health. It
Digital interactive patient reported outcome measures for long term conditions
There are more than 15 million people with a long term condition in England alone.1 Healthcare providers around the globe are facing the challenge of providing high quality services for these individuals and constantly evaluating whether these services are effective
The evolving landscape of salivary gland tumors
Abstract Salivary gland cancers are a rare, histologically diverse group of tumors. They range from indolent to aggressive and can cause significant morbidity and mortality. Surgical resection remains the mainstay of treatment, but radiation and systemic therapy are also critical
Improving neonatal care by advancing the Apgar scoring system
Grünebaum et al’s1 perspective “Is it time to modify the Apgar score?,” written in response to our article, “Associations between provider-assigned Apgar score and neonatal race,” was thought-provoking and a step in the right direction.2
The ‘kiss and kick’ model of gene activation
Nature Genetics, Published online: 09 August 2023; doi:10.1038/s41588-023-01483-y The ‘kiss and kick’ model of gene activation
Not all co-repressors are equal
Nature Reviews Genetics, Published online: 09 August 2023; doi:10.1038/s41576-023-00647-0 Jacobs et al. report in Science that different co-repressors repress the transcriptional activity of different subsets of enhancers associated with genes of different function.
[Editorial] Unsilencing liver disease
Liver disease may be a slow, silent killer, but its burden in England is resounding. Around 25 people die every day due to liver disease, a figure that has climbed for decades while rates for other major disease groups have
Urgent call to protect children and their health in Sudan
The Sudan conflict is severely affecting paediatric healthcare, creating a humanitarian crisis. The ongoing war has led to the destruction of hospitals and facilities, and the departure of healthcare workers has created a shortage of medical personnel for children in
Predictive evidence of the relevance of epigenetics to PTSD
Nature Reviews Genetics, Published online: 08 August 2023; doi:10.1038/s41576-023-00646-1 Leon Mutesa highlights a 2009 article by Yehuda and Bierer that considered the relevance of epigenetic mechanisms to post-traumatic stress disorder, which inspired his own research on the importance of DNA
Resident dendritic cell density in the lymph node paracortex is preDC-estined
Dendritic cells (DCs) are relatively short lived, yet DC frequencies in lymph nodes are stable. In this issue of Immunity, Ugur et al. reveal that type 1 conventional DCs (cDC1s) are maintained in the deep paracortex of the lymph node from
Meet the author: Professor Zhijian Cai
In this Q&A, Cell Metabolism’s Scientific Editor Rosalind Mott talks to Prof. Zhijian Cai about his paper “UBE2M-mediated neddylation of TRIM21 regulates obesity-induced inflammation and metabolic disorders” and his experience with publishing through Cell Press Community Review.
Audio Highlights
Listen to the JAMA Editor’s Audio Summary for an overview and discussion of the important articles appearing in this week’s issue of JAMA.
Covid-19: Hospital admissions rise in England amid fears of new variant and waning immunity
The number of hospital admissions for covid-19 is rising across England, latest figures show. Experts say waning immunity, together with a rise in indoor mixing and the appearance of a new omicron subvariant are likely to blame.In the week ending
Survey on surgical treatment of neonatal necrotizing enterocolitis in China 2022
Objective The aim of this study was to identify the state of surgical treatment of neonatal necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) in China. Methods A total of 246 delegates (88.0% senior surgeons) completed a survey sent by the Neonatal Surgery Group of
Machine learning drives genetic discovery for binge eating disorder
Nature Genetics, Published online: 07 August 2023; doi:10.1038/s41588-023-01473-0 Identifying genetic risk factors for binge-eating disorder (BED) is vital to understand its etiology and develop effective prevention and intervention strategies. To overcome under-reporting of clinical BED diagnosis, a new study uses
JAMA Pediatrics
Vision: JAMA Pediatrics will be the most respected source of information for investigators, providers, and policy makers seeking the highest quality evidence to guide decision-making.
Pregnancy outcomes in women with Ebsteins anomaly: data from the Registry of Pregnancy And Cardiac disease (ROPAC)
Objective Ebstein’s anomaly is a rare congenital cardiac condition and data regarding pregnancy outcomes in this patient group are scarce. We evaluated the maternal and perinatal risks of pregnancy in 81 women with Ebstein’s anomaly. Methods The Registry of Pregnancy
Covid-19: Payment to general practices to deliver vaccines to be cut by 25%
The payment that general practices will receive for administering covid-19 vaccines during the upcoming autumn booster rollout will be reduced by a quarter, NHS England has decided.1Practices previously received £10.06 (€11.65; $12.80) for each vaccination administered to each patient.2 However,
In memoriam: Leif Svanström (1943-2023)
Leif Svanström, born in Västervik, Sweden, on 30 October 1943, was a big man in physical and intellectual stature, persona and impact. Leif trained at Lund University, obtaining a BA in Genetics and Society in 1966, an MD in Preventative
British Society of Gastroenterology interim framework for addressing the COVID-19-related backlog in inflammatory bowel disease colorectal cancer surveillance
<p>The COVID-19 pandemic has had profound implications across the breadth of national healthcare services. Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) continues to carry an increased risk of colon cancer and national protocols for endoscopic surveillance are in place. Elective procedures such as
UpFront
How to manage alcohol-related liver disease: a case-based review Alcohol related liver disease is a major cause of morbidity and mortality. Management can be challenging particularly in the later stages. In this issue James Maurice and colleagues take us through
Trade-offs in safety study design decisions on teratogenic gadolinium effects
Russia’s withdrawal from the Ukraine grain deal is weaponising hunger
In 2022, weeks after Russia re-invaded Ukraine, we warned of the risk to food supplies in Ukraine and beyond.1 Since then, the importance of food in this conflict has intensified, with clear lessons for the international community facing an ever
Rheumatoid factor isotypes in rheumatoid arthritis diagnosis and prognosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Objective The first biomarker associated with the rheumatoid arthritis is rheumatoid factor (RF) and since the earliest reports a role has been proposed in the diagnosis and in the prediction of clinical features and outcome. The study of RF isotypes
Characterising symptom clusters in patients with atrial fibrillation undergoing catheter ablation
Objective This study aims to leverage natural language processing (NLP) and machine learning clustering analyses to (1) identify co-occurring symptoms of patients undergoing catheter ablation for atrial fibrillation (AF) and (2) describe clinical and sociodemographic correlates of symptom clusters. Methods
Replacing microglia to treat Alzheimer’s disease
In this issue of Cell Stem Cell, Yoo et al.1 report that replacing Trem2 knockout microglia with Trem2 wild-type microglia-like cells derived from systemically transplanted hematopoietic cells rectifies microglial dysfunction in a mouse model of amyloidosis. These findings highlight the potential
Our ancestry dictates clonal architecture and skin cancer susceptibility
Nature Genetics, Published online: 03 August 2023; doi:10.1038/s41588-023-01467-y Incidence of keratinocyte skin cancer varies markedly between populations living in different areas of the world. A detailed analysis of somatic mutations in the normal skin of individuals from the UK and
April 2023 (vol. 228, no. 4, pages 453.e1-10)
Danaher BG, Seeley JR, Silver RK, et al. Trial of a patient-directed eHealth program to ameliorate perinatal depression: the MomMoodBooster2 practical effectiveness study. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2023;228:453.e1-10.
Toward imaging of alpha-synuclein with PET
Development of radiopharmaceuticals for in vivo positron emission tomography imaging of alpha-synuclein aggregates has the potential to revolutionize Lewy body disease diagnosis and treatment. Reporting in this issue of Cell, Xiang et al. developed a high-affinity positron emission tomography tracer for alpha-synuclein.
[Editorial] Indigenous health: self-determination is key
August 9 marks the UN’s International Day of the World’s Indigenous Peoples, a day to raise awareness and highlight the rights of the 476 million Indigenous people across 90 countries. The anniversary comes in what could be a landmark year
Reacting too late: humanity’s greatest existential crisis
When existential crises come, they come not single spies but in battalions. Oppenheimer, the film of the moment, alongside Barbie, tells the story of the Manhattan Project and the nuclear bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki that hastened the end of
The evolving landscape of salivary gland tumors
Abstract Salivary gland cancers are a rare, histologically diverse group of tumors. They range from indolent to aggressive and can cause significant morbidity and mortality. Surgical resection remains the mainstay of treatment, but radiation and systemic therapy are also critical
Oxytocin Is Not Associated with Postpartum Hemorrhage in Labor Augmentation in a Retrospective Cohort Study in the USA
Previous studies reported conflicting results on the relationship between oxytocin use for labor augmentation and the risk of postpartum hemorrhage (PPH), probably because it is rather challenging to disentangle oxytocin use from labor dystocia.
Regulation of the RNA polymerase II pre-initiation complex by its associated coactivators
Nature Reviews Genetics, Published online: 02 August 2023; doi:10.1038/s41576-023-00630-9 In this Review, the authors discuss recent advances in our understanding of Mediator and TFIID, coactivators associated with the RNA polymerase II (Pol II) pre-initiation complex (PIC), focusing on their structure,
[Editorial] Bridging accessibility gaps in HIV prevention
According to the UNAIDS global update for 2023, the global decline in new HIV infections was modest in 2022, with an estimated 1·3 million new infections, down just 200 000 compared with 2021, and far short of the 2025 target of
Time and experience are independent determinants of representational drift in CA1
In this issue of Neuron, Khatib et al.1 and Geva et al.2 present complementary and breakthrough discoveries demonstrating that elapsed time and active experience independently affect unique aspects of representational drift in the hippocampus.
Antitetanus toxoid antibodies in mothers and neonates: a single-centre study from Uganda
Background Neonatal mortality due to tetanus persists in Uganda despite the mandatory vaccination of pregnant mothers. Maternal antibodies wane within a year. Uganda’s maternal vaccination guidelines do not specify the timing or frequency of tetanus shots, contributing to suboptimal transfer
Menopausal hormone therapy and dementia: causal link remains uncertain rather than unlikely
The results of our nationwide nested case-control study of menopausal hormone therapy and the risk of dementia1 align with those of the largest randomised, double blind, placebo controlled trial on the topic, the Women’s Health Initiative Memory Study (WHIMS), which
[Editorial] Climate change and skin cancer: urgent call for action
Cases of skin cancer in the UK are at a record high, according to a Cancer Research UK (London, UK) report published on July 7, 2023. Approximately 17 500 people are diagnosed with skin cancer every year, and this number is
The evolving landscape of salivary gland tumors
Abstract Salivary gland cancers are a rare, histologically diverse group of tumors. They range from indolent to aggressive and can cause significant morbidity and mortality. Surgical resection remains the mainstay of treatment, but radiation and systemic therapy are also critical
Strategies for Obstetricians and Gynecologists to Advance Reproductive Autonomy in a Post-Roe Landscape
The monumental reversal of Roe v. Wade dramatically impacted the landscape of reproductive healthcare access in the United States. The decision most significantly affects communities that have historically been and continue to be marginalized by systemic racism, classism, and ableism
SF3B1-mutant cells succumb to replication stress under PARP inhibition
Nature Genetics, Published online: 01 August 2023; doi:10.1038/s41588-023-01461-4 Across multiple cancer types, hotspot mutations in SF3B1 confer selective sensitivity to multiple clinically available PARP inhibitors. This sensitivity is due to reduced levels of CINP specifically in SF3B1-mutant cells, which leads
Diversifying the Genetic Landscape of Heart Disease
Dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM), unexplained enlargement of the left ventricle and reduced ejection fraction, has an estimated prevalence of 1 in 400 to 1 in 250 individuals in the general population, is an important cause of clinical heart failure, and remains
Impact of recurrent ischaemic and bleeding events on quality of life in patients with acute coronary syndrome: Insights from the FORCE-ACS registry
Objective Patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS) remain at high risk for recurrent ischaemic and bleeding events during follow-up. Our study aimed to quantify and compare the impact of these adverse events on quality of life (QoL). Methods Data from
Coroner criticises prison and trust over death of baby born without medical assistance
Serious operational and systemic failures contributed to the death of an 18 year old prisoner’s full term baby who was born without medical help, a coroner has concluded.Richard Travers, senior coroner for Surrey, said baby Aisha Cleary “arrived in the
[Editorial] Sickle cell disease—unity and patient-centred education
Sickle cell disease has remained neglected in the global health agenda for decades, even though WHO declared it a public health priority in 2006. Often disregarded as a rare genetic disease, sickle cell disease is a life-threatening condition that affects
Author Correction: HIC2 controls developmental hemoglobin switching by repressing BCL11A transcription
Nature Genetics, Published online: 31 July 2023; doi:10.1038/s41588-023-01488-7 Author Correction: HIC2 controls developmental hemoglobin switching by repressing BCL11A transcription
Commenting on “Surgeon-administered transversus abdominis plane block in gynecologic surgery-is it time to tap out?”
[Editorial] Long COVID: confronting a growing public health crisis
In May, 2021, The Lancet Respiratory Medicine published a Series of papers about the pathophysiology of acute COVID-19. More than 1 year into the pandemic, high-quality evidence from randomised controlled trials (RCTs) was shaping the management and outcomes of acute