Nöroloji/Nöroşirurji

Journal of Neurotrauma, Volume 38, Issue 23, Page 3185-3185, December 2021.

In this issue of Neuron, Chen et al. (2021) generated a mouse model for haploinsufficiency of MYT1L. MYT1L is widely used in neuronal reprogramming, and de novo mutations have been linked to a neurodevelopmental syndrome. Extensive characterization in this study better

Tucker H, Masood Z, Chhetri SK. A confused patient with deranged liver function tests. Pract Neurol 2020;20:499–501. doi: 10.1136/practneurol-2020-002594corr1. Suresh Chhetri should have been listed as Suresh K Chhetri and the second affiliation should have been listed as University of

In this issue of Neuron, Petersen et al. (2021) introduce CellExplorer, an open-source tool to integrate neurophysiological metrics of neuronal activity from circuits to behavior. Together with other neuroinformatic resources, it may facilitate community-based multidisciplinary characterization of brain cell types.

On Oct 12, 2021, a virtual workshop—The International Brain Initiative: shaping the future of globally coordinated neuroscience—was hosted by the European Parliament’s Panel for the Future of Science and Technology. The workshop was a showcase for the past 4 years

The time ahead is endless As noted by Graham Green in his famous novel The End of the Affair, a story has no beginning or end, and so arbitrarily, we must identify a moment or an experience from which to

Journal of Neurotrauma, Volume 38, Issue 22, Page 3031-3031, November 15, 2021.

Journal of Neurotrauma, Volume 38, Issue 21, Page 2937-2955, November 1, 2021.

Journal of Neurotrauma, Volume 38, Issue 21, Page 2956-2977, November 1, 2021.

In an interview with Neuron, Yukiko Gotoh shares how limitations imposed by the pandemic have proven inspirational, including how neuroscience may inform the development of tools to improve virtual reality and online communication, and how technology and automation might help

She first came to my resident clinic a few years ago, when it was normal for doctors to touch patients. When I say touch, I really mean palpate the abdomen, press a stethoscope against the chest wall to auscultate the

Using light to control neuronal activity has been the dream of neuroscientists for decades. Because light does not interfere with normal brain function and can be targeted with exquisite spatial and temporal precision, it has long held the promise of

Shubha Tole, Dean of Graduate Studies at the Tata Institute of Fundamental Research in Mumbai, India, shares with Neuron her approach to mentorship during these challenging times, how connecting diverse perspectives across the globe makes us stronger, and her love

Migraine and other headache disorders are among the most prevalent diseases and one of the main causes of disability worldwide, ranking second among all causes of disease, after low back pain, in terms of years of life lived with disability.

To the Editor: Ivermectin is approved by the Food and Drug Administration as an oral treatment for intestinal strongyloidiasis and onchocerciasis and as a topical treatment for pediculosis and rosacea. It is also used as a treatment for parasites in

“I’ve lived with this for 10 years. I’m hoping for another 2, to make it to my 85th birthday so I can have a big party.” My patient’s voice was weak, but his goals were clear. He had been transferred

Journal of Neurotrauma, Volume 38, Issue 20, Page 2777-2777, October 15, 2021.

A new MRI study suggests that cerebellar degeneration may contribute to motor and non-motor symptoms in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis Bede et al present an intriguing study of cerebellar degeneration in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS).1 The authors revisit a contentious facet

Nearly all patients with hip fracture undergo surgery, most commonly with spinal anesthesia or general anesthesia. Observational studies have suggested that spinal anesthesia may be associated with lower risks of death, delirium, and major medical complications and with shorter lengths

Neuron traditionally publishes a themed collection of reviews to coincide with the Society for Neuroscience’s (SfN) annual meeting. When we were brainstorming potential topics in the spring of 2021, with COVID-19 vaccinations rolling out in many parts of the world

Journal of Neurotrauma, Volume 38, Issue 19, Page 2633-2633, October 1, 2021.

Journal of Neurotrauma, Volume 38, Issue 19, Page 2652-2666, October 1, 2021.

Presentation of Case. Dr. David M. Dudzinski: A 47-year-old right-handed man was evaluated at this hospital because of pain on the left side of the head and neck. Six years before the current evaluation, the patient was admitted to this

Using light to control neuronal activity has been the dream of neuroscientists for decades. Because light does not interfere with normal brain function and can be targeted with exquisite spatial and temporal precision, it has long held the promise of

Journal of Neurotrauma, Volume 38, Issue 18, Page 2489-2489, September 15, 2021.

Elevated dietary sodium consumption, as well as low levels of dietary potassium intake, is associated with high blood pressure and an increased risk of cardiovascular disease and premature death. Randomized trials of dietary sodium reduction, as well as trials of

There is a notion that progress in our knowledge is made gradually with the slow accretion of information, with bricks of information being added slowly to build the edifice of knowledge. Ideas are refined and improved, additional data, whether about

How the patterns of cortex folding are implemented during embryonic development is poorly understood. In this issue of Neuron, Han et al. (2021) establish that a population of neural progenitor cells co-expressing Neurog2 and Ascl1 are key in this process.

The prevention of stroke and dementia is the title and focus of the first webinar in an ongoing series on Global Policy organised by the World Stroke Organization (WSO). The series follows up on the WSO Declaration from 2020 that

Precise characterisation of the target antigens and autoantibody isotypes improves patient care in inflammatory neuropathies Antibodies targeting all neurofascin isoforms (pan-neurofascin) have been associated with variants of chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy (CIDP) that include ataxic presentations, cranial nerve involvement, respiratory

In their article in this issue of the Journal on emergency medical response in cases of stroke, Grotta and colleagues report several positive findings for mobile stroke units in comparison with conventional medical service ambulances. These include 22% greater access

Journal of Neurotrauma, Volume 38, Issue 17, Page 2486-2486, September 1, 2021.

In his 1987 editorial in the Journal, in which he commented on an article about serologic testing of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) in the diagnosis of meningeal sporotrichosis, Dr. Morton Swartz suggested that there are “many causes to consider” when clinicians

Chronic pain is more common in women, however, our understanding of sex-specific differences in pain mechanisms is rudimentary. In this issue of Neuron, Luo et al., (2021) delineate a novel sex-specific neuro-immune pathway contributing to enhanced mechanical pain in females.

Elevated dietary sodium consumption, as well as low levels of dietary potassium intake, is associated with high blood pressure and an increased risk of cardiovascular disease and premature death. Randomized trials of dietary sodium reduction, as well as trials of

For decades, opinions about the degree to which sodium intake affects the blood pressure level and the risk of adverse effects such as stroke have been varied, even partisan. Much relevant data have shown an association between high dietary sodium

Atrial fibrillation occurs in approximately 33% of patients after transcatheter aortic-valve replacement (TAVR), and oral anticoagulation is generally recommended as treatment. Non–vitamin K oral anticoagulants are frequently used for this purpose instead of vitamin K antagonists. The effects of…

On June 7, 2021, the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) granted accelerated approval to aducanumab (Aduhelm) for treatment of Alzheimer’s disease. In many respects, this move represents a landmark moment: not only is aducanumab the first drug approved for Alzheimer’s

Recently, vaccination with adenoviral vector vaccines against coronavirus disease 2019 (Covid-19) has been implicated in a rare prothrombotic disorder that has been termed vaccine-induced immune thrombotic thrombocytopenia (VITT). Most patients in whom VITT has been diagnosed have been between the…

Psilocybin has emerged as a potentially rapidly acting antidepressant with enduring actions. In this issue of Neuron, Shao et al. (2021) show that psilocybin quickly induces dendritic spine formation in cortical layer V pyramidal neurons. These results provide a potential cellular

Globally, more than 50 million people are estimated to have dementia, which could rise to around 80 million by 2030, yet governments are still not doing enough. According to a report published on May 26, 2021, by Alzheimer’s Disease International

Presentation of Case. Dr. Peiyun Ni (Medicine): A 63-year-old woman was admitted to this hospital because of fever, headache, sore throat, and confusion. The patient had been well until 2 weeks before this admission, when fever, chills, myalgias, and headache

The choice of MS DMTs in a treatment escalation paradigm may adversely effect long-term outcomes in those with active disease Pfeuffer et al1 report on a real-world experiment that assesses the role of prior multiple sclerosis (MS) disease-modifying therapy (DMT)

Journal of Neurotrauma, Volume 38, Issue 16, Page 2193-2193, August 15, 2021.

Journal of Neurotrauma, Volume 38, Issue 16, Page 2264-2274, August 15, 2021.

Journal of Neurotrauma, Volume 38, Issue 15, Page 2055-2064, August 1, 2021.

Transthyretin amyloidosis, also called ATTR amyloidosis, is a progressive fatal disease characterized by accumulation in tissues of amyloid fibrils composed of misfolded transthyretin (TTR) protein. ATTR amyloidosis may be acquired; referred to as wild-type ATTR amyloidosis, this form of ATTR…

In this issue of Neuron, Shi et al. (2021) show a protective role for the low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR) in tau pathology. Brain overexpression of LDLR lowers apolipoprotein E (apoE), suppresses microglial activation, preserves myelin, and ameliorates neurodegeneration, pointing the way

Depression is a major source of impairment and suffering in adolescence and is considered to be an important remediable risk factor for suicide, the second leading cause of death among adolescents in the United States. Depression in adolescence predicts depression

Spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) is an autosomal recessive motor neuron disease caused by mutations in the survival of motor neuron 1 gene (SMN1) that result in reduced production of functional SMN protein. The paralogous gene SMN2 also encodes SMN protein;

On June 7, 2021, the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) granted accelerated approval to aducanumab (Aduhelm) for treatment of Alzheimer’s disease. The approval marked the culmination of a highly unusual regulatory process that we observed as members of the FDA’s

Wong SH, Plant GT. How to interpret visual fields. Practical Neurology 2015;15:374-381. Since the publication of the article, the authors noted an error in the figure legend of figure 6. Where it is written ‘Goldmann visual fields of a patient

Presentation of Case. Dr. Giovanna S. Manzano (Neurology): A 64-year-old woman was admitted to this hospital with cognitive impairment, headache, and memory loss. The patient had been well until 6 weeks before admission, when respiratory symptoms developed. Testing of a

Expansions in C9ORF72, which cause frontotemporal dementia and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, result in formation of aberrant peptide and RNA species and decreased expression of the normal gene. In this issue of Neuron, Lall et al. (2021) report the consequences of microglial

On June 7, 2021, the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) finally made its decision on aducanumab, the anti-amyloid drug that has been the subject of a prolonged and controversial approval process. Contrary to the recommendation of their Peripheral and

Figure 1.

Foreword. This Journal feature begins with a case vignette highlighting a common clinical problem. Evidence supporting various strategies is then presented, followed by a review of formal guidelines, when they exist. The article ends with the author’s clinical recommendations. Stage.

Obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD) is a common disorder thought to have a prevalence of 1-2%. The majority of patients are helped by treatments such as exposure and response prevention therapy and medication. A significant minority fail to benefit from optimal

A 19-year-old woman presented to the emergency department with a single gunshot wound to the abdomen. Her blood pressure was 99/58 mm Hg, and her heart rate was 93 beats per minute. On examination, she was unable to move her

NDNF selectively labels neurogliaform inhibitory interneurons of layer 1. In this issue of Neuron, Cohen-Kashi Malina et al. (2021) show that NDNF activity is highly correlated with arousal level. During high arousal state, NDNF inhibits the dendrites while disinhibiting the soma

Journal of Neurotrauma, Volume 38, Issue 14, Page A-1-A-132, July 15, 2021.

Presentation of Case. Dr. David P. Bullis (Behavioral Medicine, Newton–Wellesley Hospital, Newton, MA): A 54-year-old man was evaluated by the neuropsychology service of this hospital because of irritability, confusion, and odd behaviors. The patient had been in his usual state

Journal of Neurotrauma, Volume 38, Issue 13, Page 1747-1747, June 1, 2021.

International guidelines recommend targeted temperature management to prevent hypoxic–ischemic brain damage in patients with coma after cardiac arrest. The evidence to support these recommendations originated in trials involving patients who had been resuscitated from out-of-hospital cardiac arrest…

In this issue of Neuron, Xing et al. (2021) demonstrate that the multidomain scaffold protein Rapsn can form dense molecular condensates in vitro and in vivo via phase separation. The formation of Rapsn condensates is essential for clustering acetylcholine receptors on muscle membranes

Multiple sclerosis affects an estimated 2·8 million people worldwide. Although the past few years have seen substantial improvements in procedures for diagnosis, prognosis, and monitoring, and an expansion in the therapeutic landscape, there are stark disparities in the care of

Subcortical neuroinflammatory changes are associated with faster subsequent clinical progression in PSP Over the last 20 years, positron emission tomography (PET) with ligands for translocator protein 18 kDa (TSPO) has been increasingly implemented to image microglial activation in neurodegenerative disorders.

Recently, vaccination with adenoviral vector vaccines against coronavirus disease 2019 (Covid-19) has been implicated in a rare prothrombotic disorder that has been termed vaccine-induced immune thrombotic thrombocytopenia (VITT). Most patients in whom VITT has been diagnosed have been between the…

Journal of Neurotrauma, Volume 38, Issue 12, Page 1607-1607, June 15, 2021.

Atrial fibrillation is common in elderly patients and is responsible for approximately a quarter of ischemic strokes, many of which are cardioembolic and originate from the left atrial appendage. Oral anticoagulation most likely reduces thrombus formation in the left atrial

Journal of Neurotrauma, Volume 38, Issue 11, Page 1465-1466, June 1, 2021.

Reliable optogenetic tools for sustained, projection-specific presynaptic silencing have been elusive. Recently in Neuron, Mahn et al. (2021) and Copits et al. (2021) describe how the light-activated inhibitory GPCRs eOPN3 and PPO can be used to reversibly suppress synaptic transmission in mice.

Journal of Neurotrauma, Ahead of Print.

Figure 1.

“You still haven’t figured out why?” my patient asked calmly. He was lucid for the first time in days. “No, but we’ve ruled out many diagnoses.” He sighed deeply and shook his head. “This is a hell of a thing.”

Wang et al. (2021) characterize the molecular, cellular, and circuit-level role of Oligophrenin-1 in prefrontal parvalbumin interneurons, demonstrating that loss of Ophn1 function in these neurons is a mechanism for increased susceptibility to stress in intellectual disability caused by OPHN1 mutations.

People with neurological disorders can have substantial palliative care needs, which differ from those of patients with other life-threatening conditions, but are often overlooked. The International Neuropalliative Care Society (INPCS) has just been launched to promote the integration of palliative

It is widely accepted that the increased risk of stroke among patients with atrial fibrillation is substantially due to embolization of thrombi that develop in the left atrial appendage. On the basis of multiple randomized trials showing that the risk

“You still haven’t figured out why?” my patient asked calmly. He was lucid for the first time in days. “No, but we’ve ruled out many diagnoses.” He sighed deeply and shook his head. “This is a hell of a thing.”

The division of the nervous system into central and peripheral is not just anatomical: neurologists will choose radically different approaches when investigating disorders in these systems. For the central nervous system (CNS) imaging is king, but for the peripheral nervous

It is widely accepted that the increased risk of stroke among patients with atrial fibrillation is substantially due to embolization of thrombi that develop in the left atrial appendage. On the basis of multiple randomized trials showing that the risk

Chamorro Á, Lo EH, Renú A, et al. The future of neuroprotection in stroke. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2021;92:129–35. doi:10.1136/jnnp-2020-324283 Author name Klaus van Leyen was misspelled as Klause van Leyden.

Journal of Neurotrauma, Volume 38, Issue 10, Page 1349-1349, May 15, 2021.

Accumulation of amyloid-β (Aβ) peptide in the form of amyloid plaques in the brain is an early event in Alzheimer’s disease that putatively leads to neurodegeneration with cognitive and functional impairment. A role for amyloid plaques in disease progression is

Journal of Neurotrauma, Volume 38, Issue 9, Page 1251-1266, May 1, 2021.

Severe neuropsychiatric disorders are so genetically heterogeneous that virtually every unrelated patient harbors different clinically significant alleles. By studying schizophrenia in the Ashkenazi Jewish founder population, Lencz and co-authors identified rare severe alleles each shared by a few patients. Experimental

Malignant high-grade glioma accounts for 8 to 10% of pediatric brain tumors and is regularly fatal, with a rapid course. Survival rates have not improved in 30 years; the 3-year event-free survival among patients with newly diagnosed tumors who are

Presentation of Case. Dr. Carolina Chiou (Ophthalmology): A 78-year-old man was admitted to this hospital because of a rash on the forehead and frontal scalp and edema of the left eyelids. The patient had been well until 3 days before

“You are leaving?” she asked. “When will you come again?” “Soon,” I said. “I’ll be back soon, Nanima.” In my heart, I knew it wouldn’t be soon. In truth, I could only bear to visit her once every few months

Presentation of Case. Dr. Carolina Chiou (Ophthalmology): A 78-year-old man was admitted to this hospital because of a rash on the forehead and frontal scalp and edema of the left eyelids. The patient had been well until 3 days before

“You are leaving?” she asked. “When will you come again?” “Soon,” I said. “I’ll be back soon, Nanima.” In my heart, I knew it wouldn’t be soon. In truth, I could only bear to visit her once every few months

TREM2 variants increase the risk for Alzheimer’s disease. In this issue of Neuron, Lee et al. demonstrate that TREM2-dependent microglial functions prevent accumulation and spreading of tau, but only in the presence of amyloid pathology. This provides additional fuel for the

The care needs of people with dementia are complex and vary with type of dementia, personal circumstances and preferences, and disease stage. In general, care has improved over the past few decades, with better recognition of dementia as distinct from

In The Doors of Perception, Aldous Huxley described his trial of mescaline as “the most extraordinary and significant experience available to human beings this side of the Beatific Vision.” His exegesis was preceded by the synthesis of the hallucinogen lysergic

Major depressive disorder affects approximately 10% of the general population in the United Kingdom, impairs patients’ lives, and is costly to society. Selective serotonin-reuptake inhibitors are first-line treatments for major depressive disorder; however, these drugs take several weeks to work…

In The Doors of Perception, Aldous Huxley described his trial of mescaline as “the most extraordinary and significant experience available to human beings this side of the Beatific Vision.” His exegesis was preceded by the synthesis of the hallucinogen lysergic

Thomas GEC, Leyland LA, Schrag A, et al. Brain iron deposition is linked with cognitive severity in Parkinson’s disease. J Neurol Neuro Psychiatry 2020;91:418-425. Instead of p maps as inputs to generate the FDR thresholds, raw T maps were erroneously

Malignant high-grade glioma accounts for 8 to 10% of pediatric brain tumors and is regularly fatal, with a rapid course. Survival rates have not improved in 30 years; the 3-year event-free survival among patients with newly diagnosed tumors who are

Journal of Neurotrauma, Volume 38, Issue 8, Page 949-949, April 15, 2021.

Presentation of Case. Dr. James W. Luccarelli (Psychiatry): A 70-year-old man with bipolar disorder was evaluated at this hospital because of depressed mood, suicidal ideation, and gait disturbance. The patient had a long history of depressive episodes, with two previous

Axonal degeneration is controlled by the TIR domain NADase SARM1. In this issue of Neuron, Figley et al. (2021) reveal a key regulatory mechanism that controls SARM1’s enzymatic activity, providing insight into how NAD+ biosynthesis by the NMNAT2 enzyme protects axons,

Hippocrates wrote “let food be thy medicine.” Although access to nourishing food seems to be an obvious solution to the global health crisis of childhood undernutrition, the solution is not simple from a social or metabolic perspective, or even from

Journal of Neurotrauma, Volume 38, Issue 7, Page 830-836, April 1, 2021.

Foreword. In this Journal feature, information about a real patient is presented in stages (boldface type) to an expert clinician, who responds to the information by sharing relevant background and reasoning with the reader (regular type). The authors’ commentary follows.

Background and purpose There is limited nationwide evidence about the standard management characteristics of stroke types and prognosis in China. This study aimed to assess clinical characteristics, in-hospital and after-discharge management characteristics and prognosis for stroke types in China. Methods

In this issue of Neuron, Li et al. (2021) demonstrate that ApoE lipoprotein particles shuttle miRNAs from astrocytes to neurons, leading to inhibition of cholesterol biosynthesis and an increase in histone acetylation in neurons.

The concept of so-called long COVID has gained prominence in recent months, with some patients reporting persistent neurological manifestations, from milder symptoms such as headaches, hyposmia, hypogeusia, and fatigue to more severe conditions including sleep disorders, pain, cognitive impairment, and

Talking through a challenging case with colleagues is often interesting and useful. Interesting, because thinking about difficult clinical problems is one of things is that attracts doctors to neurology, and useful because the patient benefits from a virtual second opinion.

Accumulation of amyloid-β (Aβ) peptide in the form of amyloid plaques in the brain is an early event in Alzheimer’s disease that putatively leads to neurodegeneration with cognitive and functional impairment. A role for amyloid plaques in disease progression is

Dmytriw AA, Phan K, Schirmer C, et al. Ischaemic stroke associated with COVID-19 and racial outcome disparity in North America. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2020;91:1362–4. doi: 10.1136/jnnp-2020-324653. Author name should be spelled ‘Ashkan Mowla’, and “on behalf of the NAN-C

Spinal muscular atrophy is a rare, progressive, recessive neuromuscular disease that is caused by deletions or loss-of-function mutations in the survival of motor neuron 1 gene (SMN1), which result in insufficient levels of SMN protein. Humans have a paralogous gene

Presentation of Case. Dr. Bart K. Chwalisz: A 65-year-old man was admitted to this hospital because of bilateral eye pain and decreased vision. The patient had been in his usual state of health until 8 days before this admission, when

Journal of Neurotrauma, Volume 38, Issue 6, Page 677-697, March 15, 2021.

Neurodegenerative disorders, including amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), have a complex neurobiology that is still only partially mapped today. There is thus no effective treatment for patients with ALS. The neurodegenerative process mainly affects the motor system, with loss of the

Presentation of Case. Dr. Bart K. Chwalisz: A 65-year-old man was admitted to this hospital because of bilateral eye pain and decreased vision. The patient had been in his usual state of health until 8 days before this admission, when

Journal of Neurotrauma, Volume 38, Issue 5, Page 519-528, March, 2021.

Synaptic tau accumulation is believed to promote synaptic loss, which contributes to cognitive deficits in Alzheimer’s disease and tauopathies. In this issue of Neuron, Largo-Barrientos et al. report that synaptic loss can be mitigated by lowering Synaptogyrin-3, a known mediator of

Neurodegenerative disorders, including amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), have a complex neurobiology that is still only partially mapped today. There is thus no effective treatment for patients with ALS. The neurodegenerative process mainly affects the motor system, with loss of the

Presentation of Case. Dr. Bart K. Chwalisz: A 65-year-old man was admitted to this hospital because of bilateral eye pain and decreased vision. The patient had been in his usual state of health until 8 days before this admission, when

Neurodegenerative disorders, including amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), have a complex neurobiology that is still only partially mapped today. There is thus no effective treatment for patients with ALS. The neurodegenerative process mainly affects the motor system, with loss of the

Presentation of Case. Dr. Bart K. Chwalisz: A 65-year-old man was admitted to this hospital because of bilateral eye pain and decreased vision. The patient had been in his usual state of health until 8 days before this admission, when

Neurodegenerative disorders, including amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), have a complex neurobiology that is still only partially mapped today. There is thus no effective treatment for patients with ALS. The neurodegenerative process mainly affects the motor system, with loss of the

Spinal muscular atrophy is a rare, progressive, recessive neuromuscular disease that is caused by deletions or loss-of-function mutations in the survival of motor neuron 1 gene (SMN1), which result in insufficient levels of SMN protein. Humans have a paralogous gene

In addition to the sleep–wake cycle and cognitive functions such as learning and memory, intrinsic clocks determine nearly all circadian cycles in physiology, such as daily variation in blood pressure, heart rate, hormone levels, respiratory and exercise capacity, and coagulation.

Tools quantifying dynamic behavior are important to understand brain function. In this issue of Neuron, Roy et al. (2021) extended the available repertoire by PsyTrack, which tracks, trial by trial, how subjects performing psychophysical tasks adjust the way they weigh stimuli

Work force diversity and inclusivity have long been recognised to be key for reducing disparities in health and health care. Evidence-based approaches are needed to tackle such disparities and address any biases related to the exclusion of minorities, and the

Autoimmunity occurs when the immune system becomes chronically dysregulated. In virtually all autoimmune diseases, genetic susceptibility and environmental factors converge to initiate disease pathogenesis. Understanding how genes and the environment intersect provides a foundation for identifying…

In addition to the sleep–wake cycle and cognitive functions such as learning and memory, intrinsic clocks determine nearly all circadian cycles in physiology, such as daily variation in blood pressure, heart rate, hormone levels, respiratory and exercise capacity, and coagulation.

Former National Football League professional American footballers report considerably higher prevalence of physical and social impairment than neurobehavioural dysfunction There is continued interest in the association between exposure to traumatic brain injury (TBI) during contact sports participation and lifelong adverse

Autoimmunity occurs when the immune system becomes chronically dysregulated. In virtually all autoimmune diseases, genetic susceptibility and environmental factors converge to initiate disease pathogenesis. Understanding how genes and the environment intersect provides a foundation for identifying…

Journal of Neurotrauma, Volume 38, Issue 4, Page 385-398, February 15, 2021.

To the Editor: We conducted postmortem high-resolution magnetic resonance imaging (magnetic resonance microscopy) of the brains of patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (Covid-19) (median age, 50 years) and histopathological examination that focused on microvascular changes in the olfactory bulb…

Area postrema in brainstem has long been known to trigger emesis by detecting blood-borne toxins and pathogens. In this issue, Zhang and colleagues provide a single-cell molecular atlas of this region, opening new possibilities for harnessing its neurons in vivo.

Journal of Neurotrauma, Volume 38, Issue 3, Page 301-308, February 2021.

Figure 1.

Presentation of Case. Dr. Naomi J. Serling-Boyd (Medicine): A 48-year-old man was evaluated at this hospital because of transient vision loss. The patient had been in his usual state of good health until 1 hour before evaluation, when he noticed

Figure 1.

Presentation of Case. Dr. Naomi J. Serling-Boyd (Medicine): A 48-year-old man was evaluated at this hospital because of transient vision loss. The patient had been in his usual state of good health until 1 hour before evaluation, when he noticed

Figure 1.

Presentation of Case. Dr. Natasha Merali (Medicine): A 76-year-old woman was transferred to this hospital because of lethargy and altered mental status. The patient had been well until 2 months before this evaluation, when she was admitted to another hospital

There has been a rise in methamphetamine use disorder in the United States, particularly in the Midwest and West, where methamphetamine is a leading cause of overdose deaths. There is no medication approved by the Food and Drug Administration for

Presentation of Case. Dr. Natasha Merali (Medicine): A 76-year-old woman was transferred to this hospital because of lethargy and altered mental status. The patient had been well until 2 months before this evaluation, when she was admitted to another hospital

There has been a rise in methamphetamine use disorder in the United States, particularly in the Midwest and West, where methamphetamine is a leading cause of overdose deaths. There is no medication approved by the Food and Drug Administration for

In this issue of Neuron, Chai et al. (2021) analyze several families with neurodegeneration and marked pontocerebellar hypoplasia and microcephaly and identify recessive (bi-allelic) mutations in peptidyl-prolyl isomerase-like 1 (PPIL1) and pre-RNA-processing-17 (PPR17). PPIL1 patient mutation knockin mice develop neuronal apoptosis.

The European Commission reached a political agreement on the funding dedicated to Horizon Europe, its transnational research programme, on Dec 11, 2020. A few days later the budget was approved by the European Parliament, which released the news with enthusiasm.

This first edition of 2021 arrives along with signs that the world is beginning to get to grips with COVID-19. Several vaccines have proven effective, strategies to reduce transmission are helping to varying degrees and we have a better understanding

Presentation of Case. Dr. Natasha Merali (Medicine): A 76-year-old woman was transferred to this hospital because of lethargy and altered mental status. The patient had been well until 2 months before this evaluation, when she was admitted to another hospital

There has been a rise in methamphetamine use disorder in the United States, particularly in the Midwest and West, where methamphetamine is a leading cause of overdose deaths. There is no medication approved by the Food and Drug Administration for

A meta-analysis shows increased suggestibility in patients with functional neurological disorders From the simple message of ‘I will please’ (Latin placēbō) encapsulated in a sugar pill, to the famous theatrics of Jean-Martin Charcot’s hypnotic seizure inductions and treatments (figure 1),

The latest in a long series of legal challenges to actions taken by Purdue Pharma to increase prescriptions of its opioid medications has come to an end in the United States. Over the objections of numerous members of Congress, state

Journal of Neurotrauma, Volume 38, Issue 2, Page 159-168, January 15, 2021.

Alten et al present a detailed investigation of disease-causing SNAP25 mutations based on structural analysis, neurotransmitter release, and emerging circuit properties. They show that structurally clustered mutations within the SNAP25 SNARE motif cause similar functional defects and predict that alterations of

Chronic subdural hematoma is a common neurologic disorder that affects mainly older people. The disorder is characterized by a collection of blood and blood-breakdown products in the intracranial subdural space that liquefies over time. The inciting event is often minor

Journal of Neurotrauma, Volume 38, Issue 1, Page 1-43, January 1, 2021.

Background Cerebral microhaemorrhages are increasingly being recognised as a complication of COVID-19. This observational retrospective study aims to further investigate the potential pathophysiology through assessing the pattern of microhaemorrhage and clinical characteristics of patients with COVID-19 and microhaemorrhage. By comparing

Presentation of Case. Dr. Stephanie M. Shatzman (Medicine): A 24-year-old man was admitted to this hospital in the spring of 2020 because of headache and coronavirus disease 2019 (Covid-19), the illness caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2).

Prager et al. demonstrate an opposite regulation of activity in striosomes and matrix of the striatum. By a D1-receptor-linked L-VGCC-dependent mechanism, dopamine release can extend upstates in matrix D1-expressing projection neurons (dSPNs) but shorten them in striosomal dSPNs.

“This is going to be an EGFR or ALK!” I tell my cofellow after hearing about a new consult. It’s been a busy few weeks, and a Friday evening consult would generally elicit a sigh. But this time is different.

Presentation of Case. Dr. Neil D. Fernandes: A 29-month-old boy was transferred to this hospital because of a seizure and hypocalcemia. Approximately 2 months before the current evaluation, the patient had a febrile seizure associated with an acute viral illness.

“This is going to be an EGFR or ALK!” I tell my cofellow after hearing about a new consult. It’s been a busy few weeks, and a Friday evening consult would generally elicit a sigh. But this time is different.

Journal of Neurotrauma, Volume 37, Issue 24, Page 2605-2615, December 15, 2020.

Despite the substantial burden associated with Alzheimer’s disease, no new pharmacotherapies have been licensed since 2003. Aducanumab, a human monoclonal antibody that targets and reduces β amyloid accumulations in the brain, a defining pathology of Alzheimer’s disease, was considered for

Journal of Neurotrauma, Volume 37, Issue 24, Page 2616-2623, December 15, 2020.

A retrospective cohort observation analysing risks of pregnancy-related attacks in neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder patients Neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD) is an autoimmune disease of the central nervous system characterised by optic neuritis and myelitis, which commonly affects young women

Journal of Neurotrauma, Volume 37, Issue 23, Page 2445-2453, December 1, 2020.

In this issue of Neuron, Wang et al. demonstrate that both cell-intrinsic and -extrinsic factors restrict the myelination of newly regenerated axons. Pharmalogical targeting of GPR17 signaling in oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs) and microglial inhibition of oligodendrocyte maturation together promote robust

Amyloid-β precursor protein (APP) is overshadowed by its degradation product, the Alzheimer protein Aβ. Lee et al. now find a role for the APP family in neuronal excitability, synaptic plasticity, and memory in adulthood, despite the lack of requirement for neuronal

ACROSS 1/4 Your tool for building The Modern Man (6,6) 9 Secure rebellious tutee some bread (8) 10 Cab caught by heavy drinkers once lacking coordination (6) 11 Uncovering the very voice that is noble and courageous (6) 12 Virus

To the Editor: The syndrome of Covid-19 infection includes myalgias and elevated creatine kinase levels in at least a third of patients. Whether the elevation in creatine kinase level is caused by viral infection of muscle, toxic effects of cytokines,

Despite considerable advances across the stroke care pathway—in prevention, treatment, and rehabilitation—stroke is still the leading cause of neurological disability in almost all regions, including Europe. According to the 2016 Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors study, there

Tavares TP, Mitchell DGV, Coleman KK, et al. Early symptoms in symptomatic and preclinical genetic frontotemporal lobar degeneration. J Neurol Neurosurg & Psychiatry 2020;91:975–84. doi: 10.1136/jnnp-2020-322987. The Genetic FTD Initiative, (GENFI) should have been listed in the paper. List of

Presentation of Case. Dr. Denis T. Balaban (Neurology): A 59-year-old woman with type 1 diabetes mellitus was transferred to the neurology intensive care unit (ICU) of this hospital in the winter because of obtundation. The evening before this presentation, the

Journal of Neurotrauma, Volume 37, Issue 22, Page 2351-2352, November 15, 2020.

Using electrical acupuncture, Liu et al. show how electrical stimulation of primary somatosensory neurons at different body regions can tap into discreet autonomic circuits and, depending on the parameters, initiate either a pro- or anti-inflammatory response.

Migraine is a ubiquitous neurologic disorder that is estimated to affect approximately 1 billion people worldwide, predominantly females. According to the Global Burden of Disease Study 2016, migraine is the second leading cause of disability and accounts for more disability

Members of the U.S. military are at risk for a range of combat-related injuries and hazardous exposures. Although each theater of operations poses its own risks, over the past 50 years, knowledge of measures for reducing the risks associated with

Journal of Neurotrauma, Volume 37, Issue 21, Page 2235-2243, November 1, 2020.

To the Editor: We report the 20-year follow-up of two men who underwent bilateral hand transplantation performed by teams led by Jean-Michel Dubernard of Lyon, France, and by Raimund Margreiter of Innsbruck, Austria. Patient 1 (treated by the Lyon team)

In the scenario described in the vignette, it is perfectly reasonable to continue scheduling elective surgical procedures. The vignette states that the rate of new Covid-19 cases is 30 cases per day per 100,000 people, expressed as a 7-day average.

This third and final special issue in our series on neurotechnology focuses on tools for modulating neural circuits. The first part of this series explored methods used to build and map networks, while the second part covered approaches to reading

“You are leaving?” she asked. “When will you come again?” “Soon,” I said. “I’ll be back soon, Nanima.” In my heart, I knew it wouldn’t be soon. In truth, I could only bear to visit her once every few months

Among disorders that cause sensory loss, the most distinctive are those that affect the sensory ganglia. These disorders are called sensory neuronopathies or sensory ganglionopathies. The sensory ganglia contain the cell bodies of the sensory nerves and lie alongside both

The effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on people with dementia is being increasingly recognised, but perhaps not fully appreciated by health-care planners and policy makers. A regularly updated report entitled Impact of COVID-19 on people with dementia, by the International

Introduction One hundred years ago, neurologists were faced with a surge of cases of uncertain cause manifesting a protean array of symptoms. Through careful semiological description, pattern recognition and histopathological analysis, von Economo and others unified these seemingly disparate cases,

Presentation of Case. Dr. Kevin L. Ard: A 63-year-old man was evaluated at this hospital in the spring because of fever, confusion, headache, garbled speech, fatigue, vision changes, lymphocytic pleocytosis, and an elevated protein level in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF).

Journal of Neurotrauma, Volume 37, Issue 20, Page 2141-2149, October 15, 2020.

This special issue of Neuron continues our series on neurotechnology. In the first part of this series, we explored approaches to building and mapping neuronal networks. Now, we focus on the tools for reading the activity of these networks. The

Journal of Neurotrauma, Volume 37, Issue 20, Page 2169-2179, October 15, 2020.

Journal of Neurotrauma, Volume 37, Issue 19, Page 2029-2044, October 1, 2020.

Foreword. In this Journal feature, information about a real patient is presented in stages (boldface type) to an expert clinician, who responds to the information by sharing relevant background and reasoning with the reader (regular type). The authors’ commentary follows.

Figure 1.

China faces the greatest challenge from stroke in the world. The death rate for cerebrovascular diseases in China was 149.49 per 100 000, accounting for 1.57 million deaths in 2018. It ranked third among the leading causes of death behind

Figure 1.

Figure 1.

Neuron has had a long practice of publishing a themed collection of reviews around this time of the year—when neuroscientists usually convene at the Society for Neuroscience’s annual meeting. While public gatherings and in-person discussions of the latest exciting science

The COVID-19 pandemic has changed so much that it is easy to forget what life was like before it began. We already experience a slight shock on seeing pictures of large groups of people standing close to or even touching

To the Editor: We report data from a large series of patients in whom the Guillain–Barré syndrome developed after they had been infected with Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV). JEV is a single-stranded RNA virus that is transmitted by mosquitoes. The

Parkinson’s disease is one of the most common neurological disorders and its prevalence more than doubled between 1990 and 2016 to over 6 million patients worldwide. This increase cannot be solely attributed to population ageing. The relatively high contribution of