Aylar: Kasım 2018

To the Editor: Olaparib, a poly(adenosine diphosphate [ADP]–ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitor, is a recommended and effective treatment option for patients who have relapsed, platinum-sensitive ovarian cancer, tubal cancer, or primary peritoneal cancer, regardless of BRCA mutation status.…

Rearrangements of the oncogenic anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) gene occur in 3 to 5% of patients with non–small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). A previous phase 3 trial showed that progression-free survival was significantly longer among patients who received crizotinib, a first-generation

Abstract Despite research explicating the benefits of cancer rehabilitation interventions to optimize physical, social, emotional, and vocational functioning, many reports document low rates of referral to and uptake of rehabilitation in oncology. Cancer rehabilitation clinicians, researchers, and policy makers could

Less invasive is not always better Less invasive is not always better, Published online: 21 November 2018; doi:10.1038/s41571-018-0133-9 Less invasive is not always better

Objective: Sublobar resection is often used as an alternative surgical approach in lung cancer patients who are unlikely to tolerate a full lobe resection. This study aims to assess outcomes of video-assisted thoracoscopic surgeries (VATS) sublobar resection as a surgical

Marks and colleagues use integrative mass spectrometry to profile post-translational histone modifications and the chromatin-associated proteome in ground-state pluripotency. This reveals H3K27me3 and PRC2 as widespread hallmarks on euchromatin and heterochromatin. They show that ubiquitous chromatin-associated PRC2 protects the epigenome

Hinohara et al. demonstrate that histone demethylases KDM5A and KDM5B are key regulators of phenotypic heterogeneity in estrogen receptor (ER)-positive breast cancer. Inhibition of KDM5 activity increases sensitivity to endocrine therapy by modulating ER signaling.

Reduced MHCII levels in relapsed AML Reduced MHCII levels in relapsed AML, Published online: 19 November 2018; doi:10.1038/s41571-018-0132-x Reduced MHCII levels in relapsed AML

Abstract From the mid‐20th century, accumulating evidence has supported the introduction of screening for cancers of the cervix, breast, colon and rectum, prostate (via shared decisions), and lung. The opportunity to detect and treat precursor lesions and invasive disease at

Lessons learned from a multicentre clinical trial in Africa Lessons learned from a multicentre clinical trial in Africa, Published online: 15 November 2018; doi:10.1038/s41571-018-0121-0 The International Society of Paediatric Oncology (SIOP)–Paediatric Oncology in Developing Countries (PODC) Collaborative Wilms Tumour Africa

Kim and colleagues show that tissue regeneration elicits formation of tumors originating from adult stem cells. Purification of tumor cells enabled identification of oncogenic drivers, including Duxbl, that are normally expressed in early zygotes. Dux factors initiate tumorigenesis through an

Addendum: Low-value approvals and high prices might incentivize ineffective drug development Addendum: Low-value approvals and high prices might incentivize ineffective drug development, Published online: 12 November 2018; doi:10.1038/s41571-018-0120-1 Addendum: Low-value approvals and high prices might incentivize ineffective drug development

Bielski et al. describe widespread allele imbalance in cancer, which is selected for via modest dosage increases of gain-of-fitness mutations and can be driven by antecedent oncogenic mutations. Loss of the normal allele is driven by competitive fitness and correlates with

Active surveillance for prostate and thyroid cancers: evolution in clinical paradigms and lessons learned Active surveillance for prostate and thyroid cancers: evolution in clinical paradigms and lessons learned, Published online: 09 November 2018; doi:10.1038/s41571-018-0116-x Broad population screening of asymptomatic individuals

Olaparib maintenance moves to first line Olaparib maintenance moves to first line, Published online: 08 November 2018; doi:10.1038/s41571-018-0126-8 Olaparib maintenance moves to first line

Hui et al. developed a defined medium to expand primary human hepatocytes to a large quantity. Proliferating human hepatocytes show both hepatocyte and progenitor features and could be reverted to mature phenotypes in an organoid culture and notably can repopulate mouse

Interferon enhances immune-checkpoint inhibition Interferon enhances immune-checkpoint inhibition, Published online: 06 November 2018; doi:10.1038/s41571-018-0128-6 Interferon enhances immune-checkpoint inhibition

Abstract Cancer care delivery is being shaped by growing numbers of cancer survivors coupled with provider shortages, rising costs of primary treatment and follow‐up care, significant survivorship health disparities, increased reliance on informal caregivers, and the transition to value‐based care.

Survival data from PALOMA-3 reported Survival data from PALOMA-3 reported, Published online: 05 November 2018; doi:10.1038/s41571-018-0125-9 Survival data from PALOMA-3 reported

Unresectable advanced or metastatic gastric cancer remains a difficult-to-manage disease, with poor median overall survival associated with first-line and second-line palliative systemic treatment. Therefore, there is an urgent need to further improve survival and to provide additional therapeutic options to

Management of patients with newly diagnosed mantle cell lymphoma is fairly well established. For younger patients, treatment involves high-dose cytarabine-based chemotherapy, which is usually consolidated with stem-cell transplantation and rituximab maintenance therapy. For older patients, in whom high-intensity therapy is

More than 20 years have passed since dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPD; encoded by the gene DPYD) deficiency was first described as a pharmacogenetic syndrome, which puts patients with reduced activity of this key catabolic enzyme at risk of toxicity from fluoropyrimidine-based

Antibodies targeting PD-1 (eg, nivolumab and pembrolizumab), or its ligand, PD-L1 (eg, atezolizumab), are approved as second-line therapy in non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). The American Society of Clinical Oncology’s 2017 Clinical Practice Guideline1 recommended pembrolizumab as second-line therapy in patients

Several studies have been done to evaluate the effects of elastic compression stockings in reducing the intensity of post-thrombotic syndrome. Most of the studies have shown benefit of the application of elastic compression therapy in patients with acute proximal deep

The hemoglobinopathies, disorders that are caused by mutations in genes that encode the “adult” globins, exert a devastating toll on patients and their families. Worldwide, approximately 300,000 babies are born with sickle cell disease and 60,000 are born with β-thalassemia

Presentation of Case. Dr. Joshua A. Cohen (Medicine): A 57-year-old man presented to this hospital with confusion, cough, fever, and unintentional weight loss. The patient had been in his usual state of health until approximately 7 weeks before this presentation,

Aplastic anemia is a disease with a long history. The first case description was published by Paul Ehrlich in 1888, the term “anemia aplastique” originated with Louis Henri Vaquez in 1904, and clinical features were described by Richard C. Cabot

Background Ramucirumab (RAM), a monoclonal antibody for vascular endothelial growth factor 2 (VEGFR2), has been effective for advanced gastric adenocarcinoma (AC). However, little is known about the efficacy of RAM-containing chemotherapy (RAM-CTx) in gastric neuroendocrine carcinoma (G-NEC). Methods We retrospectively

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Neuroendocrine neoplasia goes molecular — time for a change Neuroendocrine neoplasia goes molecular — time for a change, Published online: 02 November 2018; doi:10.1038/s41571-018-0118-8 In a cohort of 100 patients with neuroendocrine cancer, the use of NETest enabled earlier prediction

The FDA approved moxetumomab pasudotox-tdfk, a CD22-directed recombinant immunotoxin, for patients with relapsed/refractory hairy cell leukemia who have not responded to at least two prior treatments, including a purine nucleoside analogue.

In a recent study, researchers investigated why brain cancers are impervious to T cells, and used their findings to create reengineered T cells that are better able to move into tumors. Their “homing system” could improve CAR T-cell therapies for

The EGFR inhibitor osimertinib may be an effective therapy for patients with untreated non–small cell lung cancer who have brain metastases. In a recent study, the drug extended median progression-free survival and increased objective response rates compared with the first-generation

Findings from a recent study suggest that intronic polyadenylation, a form of mRNA processing, is aberrant and widespread in chronic lymphocytic leukemia, targeting multiple genes. This results in truncated proteins that no longer function as effective tumor suppressors and, in

Epacadostat plus pembrolizumab achieved responses in 40% of patients with advanced solid tumors.