Background Despite numerous echocardiographic screening studies of children in high incidence acute rheumatic fever (ARF)/rheumatic heart disease (RHD) communities, little is known about the prevalence of RHD in adults in these populations. We sought to determine the prevalence of RHD
Survival outcomes used to generate version 9 American Joint Committee on Cancer staging system for anal cancer
Abstract The American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) staging system for all cancer sites, including anal cancer, is the standard for cancer staging in the United States. The AJCC staging criteria are dynamic, and periodic updates are conducted to optimize
Cryptic initiation drives transcriptional junk in ageing
Nature Reviews Genetics, Published online: 28 April 2023; doi:10.1038/s41576-023-00608-7 Sen et al. describe the epigenetic changes that underpin aberrant transcription initiation during senescence and ageing.
Correction: Methods matter: instrumental variable analysis may be a complementary approach to intention-to-treat analysis and as treated analysis when analysing data from sports injury trials
Edouard P, Steffen K, Navarro L, et al. Methods matter: instrumental variable analysis may be a complementary approach to intention-to-treat analysis and as treated analysis when analysing data from sports injury trials. Br J Sports Med 2021;55:1009–11. The competing interests
Janet MacKenzie Clark
bmj;381/apr28_48/p903/FAF1faJanet was born in Sheffield to John and Ursula Gray, an ear, nose, and throat surgeon and a GP, respectively. She was educated at Wentworth Boarding School, Bournemouth, and in 1954, after completing her A levels, was accepted to study
Biliary tract cancer: frontline pembrolizumab hits KEYNOTE
Nature Reviews Clinical Oncology, Published online: 27 April 2023; doi:10.1038/s41571-023-00772-z Biliary tract cancer: frontline pembrolizumab hits KEYNOTE
ACR–ARS Practice Parameter for the Performance of Total Body Irradiation
Objectives: This practice parameter was revised collaboratively by the American College of Radiology (ACR) and the American Radium Society (ARS). This practice parameter provides updated reference literature regarding both clinical-based conventional total body irradiation and evolving volumetric modulated total body
Elucidating the effects of labor analgesia on fetal immune function and in utero temperature: A novel approach to understanding epidural-related maternal fever
Single duplex DNA sequencing with CODEC detects mutations with high sensitivity
Nature Genetics, Published online: 27 April 2023; doi:10.1038/s41588-023-01376-0 Concatenating Original Duplex for Error Correction (CODEC) is a method that concatenates both strands of each DNA duplex to enable highly sensitive mutation detection in a range of analytes with fewer reads
CAND1 orchestrates CRLs through rock and roll
Proper regulation of protein degradation is essential for cell physiology. In the current issue of Cell, Baek et al. elucidated how a large class of ubiquitin ligase, known as CRL, is assembled and disassembled through a key regulator, CAND1.
[Editorial] Moving past the COVID-19 emergency in the USA
The COVID-19 emergency in the USA is ending. On May 11, the US public health emergency declaration will expire, and other emergency authorisations have already stopped. As a result, sweeping provisions to support the COVID-19 response are ceasing. These changes
Comparison of transcatheter and surgical aortic valve replacement long-term outcomes: a retrospective cohort study with overlap propensity score weighting
Background and aims Randomised controlled trials comparing transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) and surgical aortic valve replacement (SAVR) were performed in highly selected populations and data regarding long-term secondary complications beyond mortality are scarce. This study used data from Ontario,
Congenital diaphragmatic hernia survival in an English regional ECMO center
Introduction Congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) remains a cause of neonatal death. Our aims are to describe contemporary rates of survival and the variables associated with this outcome, contrasting these with our study of two decades earlier and recent reports. Materials
Healthcare inequity is a factor in recruiting vulnerable people to research trials
Nordling notes that concerns over undue influence in recruiting vulnerable people to become research participants is not restricted to lower income countries.1 Indeed, lest we forget, in London in 2006 six previously healthy research subjects were nearly killed in a
Surgery for stress urinary incontinence and genital prolapse is almost exclusively related to vaginal births – pregnancy seemed to lack significant long-term effects.
Sixty seconds on . . . green medicine
Green with envy?Some medical schools could be, when they see the scores that some of their peers achieved on the latest Planetary Health Report Card.1Report card? Are we going back to school?You could say that. The report card was developed
Annotating and prioritizing human non-coding variants with RegulomeDB v.2
Nature Genetics, Published online: 25 April 2023; doi:10.1038/s41588-023-01365-3 Annotating and prioritizing human non-coding variants with RegulomeDB v.2
Randomized Trials vs Real-World Evidence
Noting that randomized clinical trials (RCTs) “generally yield the strongest inferences about the effects of medical treatments,”(p984) the AMA Manual of Style instructs that “randomized trials may use terms such as effect and causal relationship,”(p983) In contrast, the manual claims
Streeting presents ambitious plans for NHS, but can he make them a reality?
Labour may have got the basic idea right in prioritising primary care over hospitals if they come to power, but they risk deluding themselves about the scale of the task.In a major speech at the King’s Fund last week1 fleshing
Correction: Cilostazol and isosorbide mononitrate for the prevention of progression of : baseline data and statistical analysis plan for the Lacunar Intervention Trial-2 (LACI-2) (ISRCTN14911850)
Heartbeat: sudden cardiac death risk in patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
In patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM), patient selection for an implantable cardiac defibrillator (ICD) is based on prediction of sudden cardiac death (SCD) risk. Current SCD risk models for patients with HCM include a low left ventricular ejection fraction (<
Deep learning model improves COPD risk prediction and gene discovery
Nature Genetics, Published online: 24 April 2023; doi:10.1038/s41588-023-01388-w Liability scores for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease obtained from our deep learning model improve genetic association discovery and risk prediction. We trained our model using full spirograms and noisy medical record labels
Shaping faces: genetic and epigenetic control of craniofacial morphogenesis
Nature Reviews Genetics, Published online: 24 April 2023; doi:10.1038/s41576-023-00594-w Differences in facial morphology distinguish vertebrates. Here, Selleri and Rijli discuss advances in multi-omics and single-cell technologies linking genes, transcriptional networks and epigenetic landscapes to the establishment of facial patterning and
Variations in current clinical practice of postoperative pericardial effusion: a questionnaire study
Objective Postoperative pericardial effusion (PPE) occurs frequently after cardiac surgery, potentially leading to life-threatening cardiac tamponade. Specific treatment guidelines are currently lacking, possibly leading to variations in clinical practice. Our goal was to assess clinical PPE management and evaluate variation
Future directions of research into harms in randomised controlled trials
The Consort group includes many initiatives to improve reporting of results from randomised controlled trials (RCTs). The original Consort statement in 1996 was developed to provide a standardised way for authors to report their trial findings.1 Since then there have
Understanding the activity of antibody–drug conjugates in primary and secondary brain tumours
Nature Reviews Clinical Oncology, Published online: 21 April 2023; doi:10.1038/s41571-023-00756-z Antibody–drug conjugates (ADCs) have demonstrated efficacy in patients with various cancers, although their antitumour activity in the central nervous system (CNS) might be limited by the blood–brain barrier. In this
Single-cell genomics meets human genetics
Nature Reviews Genetics, Published online: 21 April 2023; doi:10.1038/s41576-023-00599-5 In this Review, the authors describe the emerging field of single-cell genetics, which lies at the intersection of single-cell genomics and human genetics. They review the first single-cell expression quantitative trait
Society for Maternal-Fetal Medicine Consult Series #66: Pre-pregnancy Evaluation and Pregnancy Management of Patients with Solid Organ Transplants
The rate of solid organ transplant in reproductive-aged patients has increased in the past three decades. Concurrently, the range of medical immunosuppressive agents has increased, making it safer for reproductive-aged individuals who have received transplants to attempt and continue a
Accelerating Medicines Partnership® Schizophrenia (AMP®SCZ): developing tools to enable early intervention in the psychosis high risk state
World Psychiatry, Volume 22, Issue 1, Page 42-43, February 2023.
Ghrelin attenuates inflammation in diabetic lung disease by TLR4 pathway in vivo and in vitro
Introduction Diabetic lung disease is already known as one of the diabetes complications, but report on its therapeutic strategy is rare. The present study aimed to add novel therapeutic strategy for diabetic lung disease, to reveal the protective effect of
Primary survey: Highlights from this issue
Welcome to this month’s EMJ containing a range of diverse papers to influence your clinical management or change your thinking. Not every published manuscript is a game changer but there are certainly some valuable papers here to enable you to
Colin Christopher Riley
bmj;381/apr21_11/p893/FAF1faColin Christopher Riley was born in Surrey. He was the second child of Joyce, a nursery teacher, and Frank, who had flown “paper and string” planes with the Royal Flying Corps in the first world war. From 1947 Colin studied
Global health justice: epistemic theory and pandemic practice
What does justice in global health bioethics require, and how might we achieve it? Two important contributions to this issue of the Journal address theoretical and practical aspects of these questions in different but complementary ways. From their careful analysis
The relationship between maternal anemia and electronic fetal monitoring patterns
Anemia is a commonly diagnosed comorbidity in pregnancy that is associated with an increased risk of maternal and neonatal complications. Recent data demonstrate that maternal anemia was associated with higher umbilical artery and umbilical vein O2 content at the time
Machine learning to examine the genetic underpinnings of cardiac fibrosis at scale
Nature Genetics, Published online: 20 April 2023; doi:10.1038/s41588-023-01369-z We developed a machine learning model to quantify cardiac fibrosis (which is associated with cardiovascular disease) using cardiac MRI data from 41,505 UK Biobank participants. In the subsequent large-scale GWAS of cardiac
[Editorial] Routine immunisations: reversing the decline
Over the past 3 years, the COVID-19 pandemic has shown the power and potential of vaccination in real time. But it has also disrupted health services and caused supply chain challenges, resulting in stagnation and backsliding of routine vaccinations. For
At a glance
Microsporidia induced stromal keratitis; a new cause of presumed immune stromal (interstitial) keratitis (see page 607) Immune stromal keratitis/Interstitial keratitis is an underreported cause of corneal blindness, and is treated presumptively for HSV and various other aetiologies. The authors report
Recognising value
Sciatica is a common condition. How much better is surgery at relieving pain and disability than non-surgical treatments or steroid injections? Liu and colleagues conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to answer this question (doi:10.1136/bmj-2022-070730).1 The certainty of the evidence
UK consensus recommendations for clinical management of cancer risk for women with germline pathogenic variants in cancer predisposition genes: RAD51C, RAD51D, BRIP1 and PALB2
Germline pathogenic variants (GPVs) in the cancer predisposition genes BRCA1, BRCA2, MLH1, MSH2, MSH6, BRIP1, PALB2, RAD51D and RAD51C are identified in approximately 15% of patients with ovarian cancer (OC). While there are clear guidelines around clinical management of cancer
Gestation vs pregnancy
It is well established that once pregnancy has been confirmed, the overall rate of spontaneous abortion does not exceed 15%. In a large, well-documented Danish survey of 634,272 women with 1,221,546 pregnancy outcomes, the overall fetal loss was estimated to
Understanding human placentation through spatial multiomics
Nature Reviews Genetics, Published online: 19 April 2023; doi:10.1038/s41576-023-00607-8 Arutyunyan et al. describe a spatially resolved, single-cell multi-omics map of the entire maternal–fetal interface in the first trimester of human pregnancy.
[Editorial] A tale of potential mpox reinfection
In this issue of The Lancet Infectious Diseases, we report two independent cases of potential mpox (formerly know as monkeypox) reinfection. Two men had PCR-confirmed mpox with typical signs and symptoms. Following resolution, both men had negative PCR tests. After
The DAXX tax: C9orf72 DNA repeat expansions drive gain- and loss-of-function pathology in c9FTD/ALS
In this issue of Neuron, Liu et al.1 identify DAXX as a C9orf72 hexanucleotide repeat expansion DNA-binding protein that initiates epigenetic modifications and chromatin remodeling, contributing to C9orf72 haploinsufficiency by inhibiting its stress-inducible expression and mediating both loss- and toxic gain-of-function
Anaphylaxis: Senior coroner calls for national leadership and research to prevent deaths
A senior coroner has demanded action from the UK government to prevent more patients dying from anaphylaxis, after the death of a teenager following a routine tonsillectomy.Heidi Connor, senior coroner for Berkshire, has sent a regulation 28 report to prevent
MDM2 for the practicing pathologist: a primer
The mouse double minute 2 (MDM2) gene is located on the long arm of chromosome 12 and is the primary negative regulator of p53. The MDM2 gene encodes an E3 ubiquitin–protein ligase that mediates the ubiquitination of p53, leading to
Fantoms
Surfactant nebulisation in the delivery room In search of what would be truly non-invasive surfactant administration, Vincent Gaertner and colleagues investigated whether surfactant nebulisation in the delivery room immediately after birth would improve initial lung aeration in preterm infants born
Atoms
‘Take 5’ The camera swings smoothly from the penumbral apartment view to a vertiginous angle above the staircase. The sole source of illumination a swaying, flickering lightbulb too intermittent to allow you to determine whether the silhouette near the cellar
Author Correction: Bipotent transitional liver progenitor cells contribute to liver regeneration
Nature Genetics, Published online: 18 April 2023; doi:10.1038/s41588-023-01393-z Author Correction: Bipotent transitional liver progenitor cells contribute to liver regeneration
Primary cilia as dynamic and diverse signalling hubs in development and disease
Nature Reviews Genetics, Published online: 18 April 2023; doi:10.1038/s41576-023-00587-9 Mutations that affect primary cilia cause ciliopathies with variable severity and expressivity. The diversity of cilia across cell types, tissues and developmental stages enables their function as versatile signalling hubs but
Preterm birth and the mechanism of action of low-dose aspirin
[Editorial] Thinking broader in diabetes care
“Diabetes controls my life”. People with diabetes, especially those who need insulin, are required to make continuous health-related decisions, the volume and importance of which can be stressful and overwhelming. Additionally, negative emotions associated with diagnosis and prognosis are not
Skin Cancer Screening
The US Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) initially released its skin cancer screening recommendations in 1996 and concluded that there was not enough evidence to recommend skin examinations for the early detection of skin cancer in adults. They recently released
Maggie Eisner
bmj;381/apr18_52/p832/FAF1faMargaret Claire Eisner (“Maggie”) was born in Cardiff. She was the only child of Conrad, a law graduate, and Gisela, a doctor, who met at Prague University and escaped from Hitler’s Europe to south Wales in 1939. The family moved
Inference of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease with deep learning on raw spirograms identifies new genetic loci and improves risk models
Nature Genetics, Published online: 17 April 2023; doi:10.1038/s41588-023-01372-4 A deep convolutional neural network calculates liability scores for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) from raw spirogram traces and noisy medical-record-based labels in the UK Biobank. Genome-wide analyses using these scores replicate
Mate choice through a genomic lens
Nature Reviews Genetics, Published online: 17 April 2023; doi:10.1038/s41576-023-00605-w In this Journal Club, Loic Yengo discusses a study by Tenesa et al., who used height as a model complex trait to estimate the degree to which height similarity between spouses
[Editorial] Adolescent vaping: a sweet target for profit
E-cigarette use is increasingly widespread among adolescents worldwide. In 2022, 11·3% of middle and high school students (3·08 million) in the USA reported past 30-day use of any tobacco products, with the vast majority (9·4%) using e-cigarettes and 3·5% using
Correction: Prevalence of Mycoplasma genitalium infection among HIV PrEP users: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Sokoll PR, Migliavaca CB, Siebert U, et al. Prevalence of Mycoplasma genitalium infection among HIV PrEP users: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Sex Transm Infect Published Online First: 09 February 2023. doi: 10.1136/sextrans-2022-055687 The affiliations of the authors have been
Low-dose Aspirin and Prevention of Preterm Birth: Untold Story of Inflammation
Multidisciplinary management in the treatment of intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma
CA: A Cancer Journal for Clinicians, EarlyView.
Author Correction: The stress kinase MKK7 couples oncogenic stress to p53 stability and tumor suppression
Nature Genetics, Published online: 14 April 2023; doi:10.1038/s41588-023-01387-x Author Correction: The stress kinase MKK7 couples oncogenic stress to p53 stability and tumor suppression
Variant calling and benchmarking in an era of complete human genome sequences
Nature Reviews Genetics, Published online: 14 April 2023; doi:10.1038/s41576-023-00590-0 Variant calling is the process of identifying genetic variants, which is important for characterizing population genetic diversity and for identifying disease-associated variants in clinical sequencing projects. In this Review, the authors
Long-term outcomes following CAR T cell therapy: what we know so far
Nature Reviews Clinical Oncology, Published online: 13 April 2023; doi:10.1038/s41571-023-00754-1 Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells have dramatically improved the outcomes of patients with certain relapsed and/or refractory haematological malignancies. Owing to the promising short-term survival outcomes achieved, long-term data
Multidisciplinary management in the treatment of intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma
CA: A Cancer Journal for Clinicians, EarlyView.
Society for Maternal-Fetal Medicine Special Statement: Response to the Food and Drug Administration’s withdrawal of 17-alpha hydroxyprogesterone caproate
On April 5, 2023, the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) withdrew approval of 17-alpha hydroxyprogesterone caproate (17-OHPC), effective immediately, due to lack of evidence that it reduces the risk of recurrent spontaneous preterm birth (PTB). This decision withdraws approval
Whole-genome doubling perturbs the 3D genome
Nature Genetics, Published online: 13 April 2023; doi:10.1038/s41588-023-01382-2 Whole-genome doubling perturbs the 3D genome
Epigenomes get personal
Nature Reviews Genetics, Published online: 13 April 2023; doi:10.1038/s41576-023-00604-x A paper in Cell introduces the EN-TEx resource, a detailed catalogue of allele-specific activity that can be used to develop deep learning models that analyse the biological impact of genetic variants.
Cancer: Untangling complexity together
Many cancers, if detected early, are now treatable. Patients live longer than they did just a few decades ago, and 5-year survival rates now exceed 90% for many cancers (https://seer.cancer.gov/statfacts). Nevertheless, the global cancer burden continues to grow, exerting tremendous
[Editorial] Punishing the tortured: criminalisation of suicide
Providing care and treatment for people with suicidal ideas, rather than subjecting them to a criminal process, seems intuitively humane and appropriate. And yet, in more than 20 countries, suicide and attempted suicide remain an offence punishable by imprisonment and
Integrated approach to cardiovascular disease in people experiencing homelessness: a qualitative study
Background Homelessness is associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD), beyond impact of socioeconomic status. CVD is preventable and treatable, though barriers to interventions exist for people experiencing homelessness. Those with lived experience of homelessness and health professionals
Should we retain smaller growing nodules in lung cancer screening programmes for surveillance?
The UK National Screening Committee recently approved a national programme for lung cancer screening (LCS) by low-dose CT (LDCT).1 Measures that will reduce burden on downstream clinical care in the National Health Service (NHS) are therefore greatly welcomed. This need
Insufficient sleep during adolescence and risk of multiple sclerosis: results from a Swedish case-control study
Background Shift work, which often results in sleep deprivation and circadian desynchrony, has been associated with increased risk of multiple sclerosis (MS). We aimed at studying the impact of sleep duration, circadian disruption and sleep quality on MS risk. Methods
Keratinocyte carcinoma as an occupational disease
Keratinocyte carcinoma (KC) comprises basal cell carcinoma (BCC) and cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) and are the most common forms of non-melanoma skin cancer are the most frequently diagnosed cancers among people with fair skin in Europe.1 2 People with
Envisioning trans-inclusive and trans-specific cancer care
Nature Reviews Clinical Oncology, Published online: 12 April 2023; doi:10.1038/s41571-023-00764-z Transgender patients are a marginalized group for whom current standards of oncology have yet to be optimized. In this Comment, we highlight opportunities for transgender-inclusive and transgender-specific practices across the
From medical student to Editor: A note of thanks
CA: A Cancer Journal for Clinicians, EarlyView.
Is there a link between infertility, miscarriage, stillbirth, and premature or early menopause? Results from pooled analyses of nine cohort studies
Some reproductive factors (such as age at menarche and parity) have been shown to be associated with age at natural menopause, but there has been little quantitative analysis of the association between infertility, miscarriage, stillbirth, and premature (<40 years of
Inferring phylogenies from pandemic-scale genome datasets
Nature Genetics, Published online: 12 April 2023; doi:10.1038/s41588-023-01370-6 Reconstructing phylogenetic trees from large collections of genome sequences is a computationally challenging task. We developed MAPLE, a method for performing phylogenetic inference on large numbers of closely related genomes, which might
[Editorial] Sex, gender, and the cost of neurological disorders
Almost one in three people are estimated to develop a neurological disorder during their lifetime, at a cost of more than US$1·7 trillion per year. Many aspects of neurological disease can be affected by sex, which is defined by WHO
[Editorial] Ukraine: resilience and reconstruction
Mental health care in Ukraine was already undergoing reorganisation before the second Russian invasion on Feb 24, 2022. The country had inherited Soviet-style health care when it became independent in 1991. This comprised a large, institutionalised psychiatric system associated with
Correspondence on ‘Points to consider for the treatment of immune-mediated inflammatory diseases with Janus kinase inhibitors: a consensus statement
We read with interest the recent article by Nash et al, wherein authors have exhaustively reviewed the role of Janus kinase inhibitors (JAKis) in several inflammatory and autoimmune diseases.1 These drugs have also emerged as an important therapeutic option for
Heartbeat: cardiovascular risk is reduced by leisure-time, but not occupational, physical activity
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk is lower in healthy people who engage in regular leisure time physical activity (LTPA). Paradoxically, occupational physical activity (OPA) appears to be associated with a higher CVD risk. To better understand the relationship between physical activity,
New combination therapy for advanced-stage RCC
Nature Reviews Clinical Oncology, Published online: 11 April 2023; doi:10.1038/s41571-023-00765-y New combination therapy for advanced-stage RCC
An interactive childbirth education platform to improve pregnancy-related anxiety: A randomized trial
An interactive online childbirth education platform can reduce pregnancy-related anxiety and emergency healthcare utilization in a high-risk patient population.
Modes of type 2 immune response initiation
Type 1 immunity is initiated by detection of conserved microbial structures by pattern recognition receptors. In contrast, Type 2 immunity can be triggered by inducers that share no common features. Medzhitov and colleagues discuss a framework that conceptualizes different modes
Errors in Secondary Outcomes
In the Original Investigation titled “Effect of Moderate Hypothermia vs Normothermia on 30-Day Mortality in Patients With Cardiogenic Shock Receiving Venoarterial Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation: A Randomized Clinical Trial,” published in the February 1, 2022, issue of JAMA, there were errors
Utilisation, effectiveness, and safety of immediate postpartum intrauterine device insertion: a systematic literature review
Background Intrauterine devices (IUDs) are highly effective contraception. IUDs inserted directly following delivery provide immediate birth control and may decrease unintended pregnancies, including short-interval pregnancies, thereby mitigating health risks and associated economic burden. Methods This systematic literature review included published
Pre-cancer: From diagnosis to intervention opportunities
The multi-step process of carcinogenesis implies the existence of pre-malignant yet altered states that involve both the potentially carcinogenic cell as well as its surrounding microenvironment. Experts discuss some tumor types for which clear pre-cancerous stages have been identified and mention
Three-Tiered Fetal Heart Rate Interpretation System and Adverse Neonatal and Maternal Outcomes: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
To evaluate the rate of adverse neonatal or maternal outcomes in parturients with fetal heart rate tracings (FHRT) categorized as I, II or, III within the last 30-120 minutes of delivery.
Maximum likelihood pandemic-scale phylogenetics
Nature Genetics, Published online: 10 April 2023; doi:10.1038/s41588-023-01368-0 ‘MAximum Parsimonious Likelihood Estimation’ (MAPLE) is a maximum likelihood-based approach for inference of phylogenetic trees from very large datasets of similar sequences incorporating a sparse alignment representation and parsimony-based approximations, offering higher
Association between hypertensive disorders of pregnancy and cardiovascular diseases within 24 months’ postpartum
Despite the well-known association between hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (HDP) and cardiovascular disease, there is limited data on which specific cardiovascular diagnoses have the greatest risk profiles during the first 24 months’ postpartum. Most existing data on hypertensive disorders of
Tomato super-pangenome highlights the potential use of wild relatives in tomato breeding
Nature Genetics, Published online: 07 April 2023; doi:10.1038/s41588-023-01341-x Genome assembly of nine wild species and two domesticated accessions of tomato generated a super-pangenome for the tomato clade. Comparative analyses revealed the landscape of structural variations in wild and cultivated tomatoes
Temporal trends in the incidence of infective endocarditis in patients with a prosthetic heart valve
Objective The incidence of infective endocarditis (IE) is increasing, as is the insertion of prosthetic heart valves. We aimed to examine nationwide temporal trends in the incidence of IE in patients with a prosthetic heart valve in Denmark from 1999
Adding immune-checkpoint inhibitors to chemotherapy extends survival in endometrial cancer
Nature Reviews Clinical Oncology, Published online: 06 April 2023; doi:10.1038/s41571-023-00763-0 Adding immune-checkpoint inhibitors to chemotherapy extends survival in endometrial cancer
It takes two to untangle: Combined stimulation of adult neurogenesis reverts AD symptoms
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is associated with reduced adult hippocampal neurogenesis and impaired hippocampal-dependent behaviors. Li et al. report that stimulating adult neurogenesis combined with new-born neuron activation ameliorates behavioral symptoms and plaque deposition in AD mouse models. This supports boosting adult
ChatGPT: The Good, the Bad and the Potential.
Catching active enhancers via H2B N-terminal acetylation
Nature Genetics, Published online: 06 April 2023; doi:10.1038/s41588-023-01347-5 Specific chromatin features, especially histone H3 lysine 27 acetylation, are widely used to identify active enhancers, yet current methods are imprecise. New work suggests that histone H2B N terminus multisite lysine acetylation
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: translating genetic discoveries into therapies
Nature Reviews Genetics, Published online: 06 April 2023; doi:10.1038/s41576-023-00592-y In this Review, the authors discuss our growing knowledge of the underlying genetics of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS; also known as motor neuron disease). They discuss how this information provides insight
[Editorial] Unravelling the commercial determinants of health
In early March, in the wake of the COVID-19 pandemic, nearly 200 people—including former UN Secretary-General Ban Ki-moon—signed a letter strongly criticising pharmaceutical companies for putting a desire to make extraordinary profits before the needs of humanity. Selling publicly funded
Association of Lifes Simple 7 and ideal cardiovascular health in American Indians/Alaska Natives
Objective American Indians and Alaska Natives (AI/ANs) are an understudied population at high risk for cardiovascular diseases (CVDs); little is known about contextual factors contributing to CVDs in AI/ANs. This study examined the association of Life’s Simple 7 (LS7) factors
[Editorial] The economic burden of inflammatory bowel disease
Globally, the burden of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is increasing. Although the incidence of IBD in many western countries appears to be stabilising, it remains high (eg, around 50 cases per 100 000 in northern Denmark in 2020), and as an
Hush little baby, don’t you cry: How aversion to infant distress calls drives caregiving
Historically associated with aversion, the lateral habenula has a poorly characterized role in parenting. In this issue of Neuron, Lecca and colleagues show that these seemingly opposing roles converge in a subnucleus where aversion to pup cries may drive motivation
Alcohol consumption and the risk of new-onset uterine leiomyoma: a nationwide population-based study in 2.5 million Korean women 20–39 years old
Uterine leiomyomas are the most common benign tumors in women of childbearing age. Although there are several studies reporting the positive association of drinking alcohol with the incidence of uterine leiomyomas (UL), studies targeting Korean women are lacking.
Unexpected heterogeneity in oropharyngeal squamous cell tumors
Nature Genetics, Published online: 04 April 2023; doi:10.1038/s41588-023-01360-8 A study uses single-cell RNA sequencing to profile human papillomavirus (HPV)-positive and -negative oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma, revealing considerable diversity within and between tumors. Within HPV-positive tumors, subsets of malignant cells are
Genetic prediction of multi-omic traits
Nature Reviews Genetics, Published online: 04 April 2023; doi:10.1038/s41576-023-00602-z Xu et al. report the development of genetic scores that predict multi-omic traits, enabling cost-effective and powerful analyses for studies that do not include multi-omics data.
Senescence of bone marrow fat cells: A new clue for glucocorticoid-induced bone deterioration
Glucocorticoid (GC)-induced osteoporosis is the most common secondary cause of osteoporosis, resulting in fractures and significant morbidity. In this issue of Cell Metabolism, Liu et al. reveal that in response to GCs, bone marrow adipocytes (BMAds) undergo rapid cellular senescence, triggering
Correction to: Experimental Study on Intracranial Pressure and Biomechanical Response in Rats under the Blast Wave by Huang, X., et al., (DOI: 10.1089/neu.2022.0229)
Journal of Neurotrauma, Volume 40, Issue 7-8, Page 788-790, April 2023.
Author Affiliations Omitted
In the Original Investigation titled “Effect of Direct Transportation to Thrombectomy-Capable Center vs Local Stroke Center on Neurological Outcomes in Patients With Suspected Large-Vessel Occlusion Stroke in Nonurban Areas: The RACECAT Randomized Clinical Trial,” published in the May 10, 2022,
Robust analyses for radiographic progression in rheumatoid arthritis
Demonstrating inhibition of the structural damage to joints as a statistically significant difference in radiographic progression as measured by the van der Heijde modified Total Sharp Score (mTSS) is a common objective in trials for rheumatoid arthritis treatments. The frequently
Suggested improvements to the 11+ as identified by coaches, players, strength and conditioning staff and medical staff in New Zealand Football
The aim of this study was to investigate the experience with the 11+, attitudes towards injury prevention, and potential improvements to the 11+ and the delivery of injury prevention strategies within football. A qualitative study design was used to investigate
Novel targets in EoE: one step forward?
Eosinophilic oesophagitis (EoE) is a chronic inflammatory condition of the oesophagus, with a rapidly increasing prevalence and incidence.1 When EoE first appeared on the medical landscape—introduced by two independent, but coincident case series almost three decades ago—it was considered a
UpFront
JAG consensus statements for training and certification in colonoscopy—JAG consensus statements for training and certification in sigmoidoscopy There is widespread agreement that training, and certification are pivotal to high quality endoscopy. In the UK this is overseen by JAG (Joint
Chimeric transcripts of transposable elements and genes are a source of tumor-specific antigens
Nature Genetics, Published online: 03 April 2023; doi:10.1038/s41588-023-01361-7 Transposable elements (TEs) are transcriptionally activated in cancer and can generate chimeric TE–gene transcripts that are tumor specific. Our pan-cancer study reveals that these transcripts are a source of tumor-specific antigens that
JAMA Pediatrics
Vision: JAMA Pediatrics will be the most respected source of information for investigators, providers, and policy makers seeking the highest quality evidence to guide decision-making.
Research priorities relating to the delivery of cardiovascular prevention and rehabilitation programmes: results of a modified Delphi process
Objective The purpose of this British Association for Cardiovascular Prevention and Rehabilitation (BACPR) research priority setting project (PSP) was to identify a top 10 list of priority research questions for cardiovascular prevention and rehabilitation (CVPR). Methods The PSP was facilitated
Case report: crowned dens syndrome in a patient with seronegative rheumatoid arthritis
Chondrocalcinosis (CC) is the one of the most common crystal pyrophosphate disease associated arthritis in the elderly. It has been shown to coexist with seronegative and seropositive rheumatoid arthritis (RA), yet mostly with seronegative RA. Among the localisation of CC,
Movement Foundations. The perceived impact of a digital rehabilitation tool for returning to fitness following a period of illness, including COVID-19 infection: a qualitative study
Digital interventions can increase physical activity (PA) levels in adults. However, the COVID-19 pandemic highlighted the complexities faced when guiding people to start or return to PA following illness or inactivity. A digital tool, Movement Foundations, was developed to provide
Meconium-stained amniotic fluid
Green-stained amniotic fluid, often referred to as meconium-stained amniotic fluid, is present in 5% to 20% of patients in labor and has been traditionally considered an obstetrical hazard. Discolored amniotic fluid has been attributed to the presence of heme catabolic
From medical student to Editor: A note of thanks
CA: A Cancer Journal for Clinicians, EarlyView.
Best practices for single-cell analysis across modalities
Nature Reviews Genetics, Published online: 31 March 2023; doi:10.1038/s41576-023-00586-w Practitioners in the field of single-cell omics are now faced with diverse options for analytical tools to process and integrate data from various molecular modalities. In an Expert Recommendation article, the
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