Nature Reviews Clinical Oncology, Published online: 30 August 2019; doi:10.1038/s41571-019-0264-7 Many argue that phase I cancer trials are a therapeutic option for eligible patients. I question this position and offer a more nuanced view that differentiates between types of trials.
Neural-Tube Defects and Antiretroviral Treatment Regimens in Botswana
Neural-tube defects occur by the end of the sixth week of pregnancy (i.e. the fourth week after fertilization) and have been associated with exposure to specific drugs early in pregnancy. Concerns about neural-tube defects among children exposed to efavirenz at
SGLT2 Inhibition with Empagliflozin Increases Circulating Provascular Progenitor Cells in People with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
Hess et al. quantified circulating aldehyde dehydrogenase-expressing (ALDHhi) cell subsets in people with T2DM given either empagliflozin (EMPA) or placebo. EMPA treatment increased circulating pro-angiogenic CD133+ progenitor cells, decreased pro-inflammatory ALDHhi granulocyte precursors, and increased ALDHhi monocytes with M2 polarization. EMPA
Health Care Autonomy of Women Living with HIV
In sub-Saharan Africa, more than 60% of all adults living with HIV in 2018 were women, according to the Joint United Nations Programme on HIV and AIDS (https://aidsinfo.unaids.org). Largely as a result of early access to HIV testing and antiretroviral
Dolutegravir plus Two Different Prodrugs of Tenofovir to Treat HIV
A first-line regimen of tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF) with either lamivudine (3TC) or emtricitabine (FTC) plus efavirenz (EFV) for the treatment of human immunodeficiency virus infection (HIV) is recommended by the World Health Organization (WHO) because it can be safely
Oral Semaglutide and Cardiovascular Outcomes in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes
Cardiovascular disease is the primary cause of death in patients with type 2 diabetes, and the ruling out of an excess cardiovascular risk is a regulatory requirement for new glucose-lowering therapies. Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonists are well-established glucose-lowering…
Case 27-2019: A 16-Year-Old Girl with Head Trauma during a Sailboat Race
Presentation of Case. Dr. Hung M. Le (Pediatrics): A 16-year-old girl was seen in the sports concussion clinic at this hospital because of headache, dizziness, balance problems, fatigue, irritability, and difficulties with sleep and concentration after she had head trauma
Case 27-2019: A 16-Year-Old Girl with Head Trauma during a Sailboat Race
Presentation of Case. Dr. Hung M. Le (Pediatrics): A 16-year-old girl was seen in the sports concussion clinic at this hospital because of headache, dizziness, balance problems, fatigue, irritability, and difficulties with sleep and concentration after she had head trauma
Making Asthma Crystal Clear
Charcot–Leyden crystals have been observed in the airway mucus of patients with allergic airway disease since the 19th century, but their role in the pathogenesis of allergy has been unclear. Charcot–Leyden crystals and lysophospholipase are abundant in eosinophils and basophils,
Uganda records fourth death from Ebola as DRC grapples with epidemic
The Ebola epidemic in the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) continues to pose a serious health challenge with the death toll nearing 3000, said the World Health Organization as it called on donors…
Complex Oscillatory Waves Emerging from Cortical Organoids Model Early Human Brain Network Development
Oscillatory activity is a candidate mechanism for how neural populations are temporally organized. Cortical organoids exhibit periodic and highly regular nested oscillatory network events that are dependent on glutamatergic and GABAergic signaling. The emerging development of network activity transitions to
The Dual Roles of the Atypical Protein Kinase Cs in Cancer
Atypical protein kinase C (aPKC) isozymes, PKCλ/ι and PKCζ, are now considered fundamental regulators of tumorigenesis. However, the specific separation of functions that determine their different roles in cancer is still being unraveled. Both aPKCs have pleiotropic context-dependent functions that
Insight Medicine Lacks — The Continuing Relevance of Henrietta Lacks
At my mother’s first oncology appointment, I sat beside her, swaddled in my Harvard sweatshirt. I hoped that the name of the august institution where I was an undergraduate would, in the doctor’s eyes, transport my mother from the wasteland
Second Stage Labor: Consensus Versus Science
There has been a recent significant evolution in suggested practices for the management of labor due to the increased national cesarean delivery rate. One of the most significant changes was promulgated by the 2014 Obstetric Care Consensus titled, “Safe Prevention
Making Asthma Crystal Clear
Charcot–Leyden crystals have been observed in the airway mucus of patients with allergic airway disease since the 19th century, but their role in the pathogenesis of allergy has been unclear. Charcot–Leyden crystals and lysophospholipase are abundant in eosinophils and basophils,
Single-Cell Analysis of Human Mononuclear Phagocytes Reveals Subset-Defining Markers and Identifies Circulating Inflammatory Dendritic Cells
Using high-dimensional protein and RNA single-cell analyses, Dutertre et al. analyze human dendritic cell and monocyte subsets and identify markers that delineate them and unravel their heterogeneity. They also reveal the presence of inflammatory CD14+ DC3s, a subset of cDC2s, that
Making Asthma Crystal Clear
Charcot–Leyden crystals have been observed in the airway mucus of patients with allergic airway disease since the 19th century, but their role in the pathogenesis of allergy has been unclear. Charcot–Leyden crystals and lysophospholipase are abundant in eosinophils and basophils,
Oral Semaglutide and Cardiovascular Outcomes in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes
Cardiovascular disease is the primary cause of death in patients with type 2 diabetes, and the ruling out of an excess cardiovascular risk is a regulatory requirement for new glucose-lowering therapies. Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonists are well-established glucose-lowering…
Case 27-2019: A 16-Year-Old Girl with Head Trauma during a Sailboat Race
Presentation of Case. Dr. Hung M. Le (Pediatrics): A 16-year-old girl was seen in the sports concussion clinic at this hospital because of headache, dizziness, balance problems, fatigue, irritability, and difficulties with sleep and concentration after she had head trauma
Tanycytes Regulate Lipid Homeostasis by Sensing Free Fatty Acids and Signaling to Key Hypothalamic Neuronal Populations via FGF21 Secretion
In obesity, the increased levels of circulating lipids induce metabolic dysfunction. Thus, it is essential to determine the mechanisms behind fat storage. Here, Geller et al. demonstrate that brain-specific glial cells, the tanycytes, sense circulating lipid levels to regulate body fat
Oral Semaglutide and Cardiovascular Outcomes in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes
Cardiovascular disease is the primary cause of death in patients with type 2 diabetes, and the ruling out of an excess cardiovascular risk is a regulatory requirement for new glucose-lowering therapies. Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonists are well-established glucose-lowering…
[Editorial] Scrutinising Lyme disease in the UK
Concerns over Lyme disease in the UK have been gaining attention. Most recently a study in BMJ Open by Victoria Cairns and colleagues received broad coverage in the press. This study reported that the incidence of the disease was three
Feedback-Driven Assembly of the Axon Initial Segment
Fréal et al. report the molecular mechanisms involved in axon initial segment (AIS) assembly. This study describes in detail how feedback-driven coupling between AIS membrane proteins and axonal microtubules allows for the formation and maintenance of a functional AIS.
Case 27-2019: A 16-Year-Old Girl with Head Trauma during a Sailboat Race
Presentation of Case. Dr. Hung M. Le (Pediatrics): A 16-year-old girl was seen in the sports concussion clinic at this hospital because of headache, dizziness, balance problems, fatigue, irritability, and difficulties with sleep and concentration after she had head trauma
Overcoming the Challenges of Symmetry Reveals New Insights into Herpesvirus Biology
The oncogenic gammaherpesvirus Kaposi sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV) is globally widespread; infection rates are as high as 80% in parts of sub-Saharan Africa. In this issue of Cell, Gong et al. (2019) describe the high-resolution structure of a critical component of the
[Editorial] Philip Morris International: money over morality?
In the ongoing UnSmoke Your World campaign, Philip Morris International (PMI) calls for never-smokers to stay away from cigarettes, for smokers to quit, and for those smokers who do not quit to change to better alternatives. The development of those
GPs earned {pound}94 800 on average last year, but expenses continue to rise
The average earnings of GPs in the UK was £94 800 in 2017-18, an increase of 2.5% from the previous year, latest figures1 from NHS Digital show.GP partners earned an average of £109 100 before tax—an…
[Editorial] CRISPR-Cas9 gene editing for patients with haemoglobinopathies
At the end of July, CRISPR Therapeutics announced that the first patient with sickle-cell disease had been treated by gene-editing CRISPR-Cas9 technology as part of a phase 1 trial in the USA. In an interview with National Public Radio, the
Generalizability from well-designed RCT’s underpin their scientific strength
Inflammasomes: Threat-Assessment Organelles of the Innate Immune System
Proteins that drive inflammasome activities are responsive to diverse threats to the host, including infection, tissue damage, or both. Upon threat identification, specific regulatory proteins seed the assembly of inflammasomes, which drive inflammatory responses that influence local and systemic immunity.
Losing Hahnemann — Real-Life Lessons in “Value-Based” Medicine
In October 2018, Alin Gragossian, an emergency medicine resident at Philadelphia’s Hahnemann University Hospital, developed a cough. She thought little of it until, a few months later, her attending physician on an ICU rotation noticed that she was stopping to
A Rare Mutation of β1-Adrenergic Receptor Affects Sleep/Wake Behaviors
A mutation in ADRB1 was found in humans who sleep fewer hours than most. Using mouse modeling and calcium imaging experiments, Shi et al. demonstrate that dorsal pons ADRB1+ neuron activity is increased in the mutant, correlating with increased wakefulness.
Combating EPA Rollbacks — Health Care’s Response to a Retreat on Climate
The world’s climate crisis has spared no one. Science tells us that the harms of climate change will worsen with time if we fail to take substantial actions now to reduce carbon pollution. In the United States, the growing burden
Vaping and lung injuries: five minutes with . . . Nick Hopkinson
“When e-cigarettes were new, one of the concerns was that people were inhaling things other than nicotine that could cause allergic reactions, but so far this doesn’t seem to have happened. About 3.2…
From painkiller to killer: the ‘oxy case
WEE1 kinase inhibitor shows promise
Nature Reviews Clinical Oncology, Published online: 27 August 2019; doi:10.1038/s41571-019-0270-9 WEE1 kinase inhibitor shows promise
Outcomes following a clinical algorithm allowing for delayed hysterectomy in the management of severe placenta accreta spectrum
The incidence of placenta accreta spectrum is rising. Management is most commonly with cesarean hysterectomy. These deliveries are often complicated by massive hemorrhage, urinary tract injury, and admission to the intensive care unit. Up to 60% of patients require transfusion
The “All of Us” Research Program
Longitudinal cohort studies have improved human health by characterizing natural histories of diseases, identifying their risk factors, and revealing new biomarkers. Advances in genomics and biosensors have set the stage for refined taxonomies of disease, which may help to guide
Leveraging European infrastructures to access 1 million human genomes by 2022
Nature Reviews Genetics, Published online: 27 August 2019; doi:10.1038/s41576-019-0156-9 In a recent declaration, 21 European countries committed to sharing data on at least 1 million human genomes by 2022. This Roadmap emphasizes the challenges of genomic data sharing across borders
Differential Activation of the Transcription Factor IRF1 Underlies the Distinct Immune Responses Elicited by Type I and III Interferons
Type I IFNs, but not type III IFNs (IFNλ), promote inflammation at the site of infection. Forero et al. find that differential expression of proinflammatory genes results from selective induction of the transcription factor IRF1 by type I IFNs. Type III
Alternate Day Fasting Improves Physiological and Molecular Markers of Aging in Healthy, Non-obese Humans
Stekovic et al. show in the clinic that alternate day fasting (ADF) is a simple alternative to calorie restriction and provokes similar improvements on cardiovascular parameters and body composition. ADF was shown to be safe and beneficial in healthy, non-obese humans,
A Neural Circuit Arbitrates between Persistence and Withdrawal in Hungry Drosophila
What drives behavioral persistence versus quitting? Sayin et al. propose that circuit modules in the fly’s learning center and dopamine drive gradually increasing food odor tracking, which can be efficiently suppressed by extrinsic, but directly innervating, feeding-related neuromodulatory neurons.
Rising PrEP Awareness
Awareness about the potential benefits of preexposure prophylaxis (PrEP) has increased from 60% in 2014 to 90% in 2017 among men who have sex with men (MSM) at high risk of HIV, according to a survey by the CDC.
Stop funding expensive pneumonia vaccine, MSF urges vaccine alliance
Gavi, the Vaccine Alliance, which is part funded by the UK, should stop giving Pfizer and GlaxoSmithKline special funding for the pneumonia vaccine and instead focus on finding a cheaper version,…
We need to talk about imperatives
The feature article in this edition outlines and then critically examines the Nuffield Council of Bioethics’ Report, ‘Genome Editing and Human Reproduction: Social and Ethical issues’. While Christopher Gyngell, Hilary Bowman-Smart & Julian Savulescu, ‘support the approach taken by the
Clinical Utility of a Blood-based Protein Assay on Diagnostic Colonoscopy Referrals for Elevated-risk Colorectal Cancer Patients in Primary Care
Background: Colonoscopies are effective in finding early stage colorectal cancer (CRC), which when found in a timely manner, dramatically improve survival rates. A significant number of at-risk patients are still not screened. We investigated the utility of a blood-based protein
Time to Reevaluate U.S. Mifepristone Restrictions
In September 2000, the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) — of which one of us was commissioner at the time — approved mifepristone, one of two medications used to end early unwanted pregnancies. At that time, because of limited clinical
Recognition for Discoveries in DNA Repair
Recombination between homologous chromosomes is essential for successful meiosis. It drives genetic diversity in germline cells and provides the necessary scaffolding for accurate, balanced segregation of the parental chromosomes into meiotic products. However, its importance in somatic cells has…
Emphysematous Cholecystitis
Figure 1.
Combating EPA Rollbacks — Health Care’s Response to a Retreat on Climate
The world’s climate crisis has spared no one. Science tells us that the harms of climate change will worsen with time if we fail to take substantial actions now to reduce carbon pollution. In the United States, the growing burden
Recruitment of GABAergic Interneurons in the Barrel Cortex during Active Tactile Behavior
Yu et al. measured the firing patterns of three major types of GABAergic inhibitory interneurons in the somatosensory cortex of mice during active tactile sensation. These cell types are recruited with distinct millisecond-scale dynamics, revealing cell-type-specific interactions and functions.
Fornix-Region Deep Brain Stimulation–Induced Memory Flashbacks in Alzheimer’s Disease
To the Editor: In a randomized trial involving 42 patients, we assessed deep brain stimulation targeting the fornix to improve cognition in patients with Alzheimer’s disease (ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT01608061; the protocol for the trial is available with the published article).
Cognitive-behavioural therapy for personal recovery of patients with schizophrenia: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Background To date, cognitive–behavioural therapy (CBT) trials have primarily focused on clinical recovery; however, personal recovery is actually the fundamental aspect of the recovery process. The aim of this study was to summarise and synthesise the existing evidence regarding the
Specific birth defects in pregnancies of women with diabetes – National Birth Defects Prevention Study, 1997-2011
Diabetes is associated with an increased risk for many birth defects and is likely to have an increasing impact on birth defect prevalence due to the rise in diabetes in the United States in recent decades. One of the first
The “All of Us” Research Program
Longitudinal cohort studies have improved human health by characterizing natural histories of diseases, identifying their risk factors, and revealing new biomarkers. Advances in genomics and biosensors have set the stage for refined taxonomies of disease, which may help to guide
Ambient Particulate Air Pollution and Daily Mortality in 652 Cities
The adverse health effects of short-term exposure to ambient air pollution are well documented. Particulate matter (PM), especially, arouses public health concerns because of its toxicity and the widespread human exposure to this pollutant. PM, which includes inhalable particles with
Highlights from this issue
Outer retinal layer thickness in glaucoma patients with horizontal hemifield visual field defects (see page 1217) In glaucoma patients with horizontal hemifield defects, the authors observed a significant horizontal asymmetry in inner retinal layer thickness but, not in outer layer
Validation and modification of the ‘Chiang Mai University Intussusception scoring system used to predict failure of non-surgical treatment in infantile intussusception
Background This study aimed to validate and modify the recently released Chiang Mai University Intussusception (CMUI) scoring system in predicting failure of non-surgical management of infantile intussusception. Methods A retrospective review was conducted in 151 cases of infantile intussusception who
Case 25-2019: A 41-Year-Old Pregnant Woman with Abdominal Pain
Presentation of Case. Dr. Madhukar S. Patel (Surgery): A 41-year-old pregnant woman was seen in the emergency department of this hospital at 36 weeks 3 days of gestation because of abdominal pain. Six and a half months before this evaluation,
Obstetric perineal ruptures —risk of anal incontinence among primiparous women 12 months postpartum: a prospective cohort study
Anal incontinence leads to impairment of the quality of life and lower self-esteem with implications on social, physical and sexual health and anal incontinence after vaginal delivery is a major concern for many women. Only about half the cases of
High Glucose Intake Exacerbates Autoimmunity through Reactive-Oxygen-Species-Mediated TGF-β Cytokine Activation
High glucose intake increases the risk for many diseases, yet the effects on autoimmunity remain elusive. Zhang et al. show that high glucose intake exacerbates autoimmunity by inducing Th17 cells. High glucose induces Th17 cells through ROS-dependent TGF-β activation, revealing unrecognized
Effects of Serelaxin in Patients with Acute Heart Failure
Acute heart failure remains a leading cause of hospitalization. Among hospitalized patients with acute heart failure, 10 to 15% have worsening heart failure during the hospitalization, and 10 to 15% die within 60 to 90 days after discharge; these numbers
Fish Bone Perforation
Figure 1.
Drug Effects on the Thyroid
There is a growing list of medications known to adversely affect thyroid function or interpretation of the results of standard thyroid laboratory testing. Many of these drugs are commonly used preparations, ranging from over-the-counter supplements to advanced medical therapy, and
Case 26-2019: A 27-Year-Old Woman with Opioid Use Disorder and Suicidal Ideation
Presentation of Case. Dr. Andrew Cruz (Psychiatry): A 27-year-old woman was evaluated at this hospital because of a suicide attempt. Approximately 3 months before admission, the patient became homeless and was staying intermittently with friends. Two months before admission, she
Ambient Particulate Air Pollution and Daily Mortality in 652 Cities
The adverse health effects of short-term exposure to ambient air pollution are well documented. Particulate matter (PM), especially, arouses public health concerns because of its toxicity and the widespread human exposure to this pollutant. PM, which includes inhalable particles with
Cardiologist who fitted wrong pacemaker and destroyed patient notes is struck off
A cardiologist has been struck off the UK medical register after he failed to check a patient’s medical notes before surgery, implanted the wrong type of pacemaker, and then destroyed the notes…
GAPDH Overexpression in the T Cell Lineage Promotes Angioimmunoblastic T Cell Lymphoma through an NF-κB-Dependent Mechanism
Mondragón et al. find that transgenic mice overexpressing GAPDH in T cells develop lymphoma that recapitulates key features of human angioimmunoblastic T cell lymphoma (AITL), including activation of the non-canonical NF-κB pathway. Blocking NF-κB activity with an NIK inhibitor reduces human and mouse
Oral Selinexor–Dexamethasone for Triple-Class Refractory Multiple Myeloma
Despite the availability of proteasome inhibitors, immunomodulatory agents, and monoclonal antibodies for multiple myeloma, most patients will have a relapse and refractory disease will develop. An increasing number of patients have triple-class refractory myeloma, defined as disease refractory to…
Time to Reevaluate U.S. Mifepristone Restrictions
In September 2000, the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) — of which one of us was commissioner at the time — approved mifepristone, one of two medications used to end early unwanted pregnancies. At that time, because of limited clinical
Recognition for Discoveries in DNA Repair
Recombination between homologous chromosomes is essential for successful meiosis. It drives genetic diversity in germline cells and provides the necessary scaffolding for accurate, balanced segregation of the parental chromosomes into meiotic products. However, its importance in somatic cells has…
Case 26-2019: A 27-Year-Old Woman with Opioid Use Disorder and Suicidal Ideation
Presentation of Case. Dr. Andrew Cruz (Psychiatry): A 27-year-old woman was evaluated at this hospital because of a suicide attempt. Approximately 3 months before admission, the patient became homeless and was staying intermittently with friends. Two months before admission, she
Combating EPA Rollbacks — Health Care’s Response to a Retreat on Climate
The world’s climate crisis has spared no one. Science tells us that the harms of climate change will worsen with time if we fail to take substantial actions now to reduce carbon pollution. In the United States, the growing burden
Emphysematous Cholecystitis
Figure 1.
Podoplanin-Expressing Macrophages Promote Lymphangiogenesis and Lymphoinvasion in Breast Cancer
Bieniasz-Krzywiec et al. demonstrate a triad interaction of podoplanin (PDPN)-expressing tumor-associated macrophages (PoEMs), GAL8-expressing lymphatic vessels, and invading breast cancer cells, which promotes metastasis. PoEMs remodel the extracellular matrix, stimulating lymphangiogenesis, and release previously trapped cancer-promoting factors that facilitate cancer cell
The Comfort of the Ordinary — On Dying as We’ve Lived
Years ago, I heard about the death of an old family friend whom I’d loved as a child for her eccentric cooking habits, feeding her parakeets saliva-soaked crumbs from her lips, and letting me rap my knuckles on her wooden
Combating EPA Rollbacks — Health Care’s Response to a Retreat on Climate
The world’s climate crisis has spared no one. Science tells us that the harms of climate change will worsen with time if we fail to take substantial actions now to reduce carbon pollution. In the United States, the growing burden
Human Health on an Ailing Planet — Historical Perspectives on Our Future
What can we do when the patient needing emergency care is the earth? What life support can physicians offer our ailing planet? History can help us understand and answer these pressing questions. A deluge of recent reports document the degradation
Combating EPA Rollbacks — Health Care’s Response to a Retreat on Climate
The world’s climate crisis has spared no one. Science tells us that the harms of climate change will worsen with time if we fail to take substantial actions now to reduce carbon pollution. In the United States, the growing burden
Discrete Evaluative and Premotor Circuits Enable Vocal Learning in Songbirds
Kearney et al. used behavioral and optogenetic methods in singing birds to distinguish neural pathways that evaluate song performance from downstream premotor circuits that are guided by these evaluations to learn new vocal behaviors.
Fornix-Region Deep Brain Stimulation–Induced Memory Flashbacks in Alzheimer’s Disease
To the Editor: In a randomized trial involving 42 patients, we assessed deep brain stimulation targeting the fornix to improve cognition in patients with Alzheimer’s disease (ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT01608061; the protocol for the trial is available with the published article).
[Editorial] Deeper understanding
Good medical practice exists at the intersection of general observation with individual experience. Even in the era of high-tech medicine, this remains the case. There is not, nor will be, any biomedical test that can determine the confluence of personal
Fornix-Region Deep Brain Stimulation–Induced Memory Flashbacks in Alzheimer’s Disease
To the Editor: In a randomized trial involving 42 patients, we assessed deep brain stimulation targeting the fornix to improve cognition in patients with Alzheimer’s disease (ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT01608061; the protocol for the trial is available with the published article).
DNA-Packing Portal and Capsid-Associated Tegument Complexes in the Tumor Herpesvirus KSHV
Resolution of KSHV’s asymmetric icosahedral structure is achieved via symmetry-relaxed cryo-EM using sequential localized classification. Interactions between the DNA-translocating portal protein, associated capsid and tegument proteins, and the viral genome reveal surprising variability in tegument protein occupancy and orientation plasticity.
[Editorial] Is the concept of hypertension as a disease unhelpful?
Ahead of the annual conference of the European Society of Cardiology together with the World Congress of Cardiology held in Paris, France (Aug 31–Sept 4), this issue’s research section is devoted to Articles on hypertension. These Articles paint an interesting
Combating EPA Rollbacks — Health Care’s Response to a Retreat on Climate
The world’s climate crisis has spared no one. Science tells us that the harms of climate change will worsen with time if we fail to take substantial actions now to reduce carbon pollution. In the United States, the growing burden
Opioid policies: scientists advising US government had commercial ties, BMJ investigation finds
An investigation by The BMJ has found that a scientific body advising the US Food and Drug Administration on opioid policies did not publicly disclose that one of its presidents had recent links to…
Personalized MRD assays and therapy?
Nature Reviews Clinical Oncology, Published online: 21 August 2019; doi:10.1038/s41571-019-0269-2 Personalized MRD assays and therapy?
Pedro Brugada and Peter Schwartz share the Lefoulon-Delalande Foundation Scientific Prize 2019
David Oliver: What’s the verdict on personal health budgets?
A key component of the NHS long term plan was a set of commitments on personalised care.1 These included a target for 200 000 people to benefit from personal health budgets by 2023-24. The current…
Heartbeat: armed conflict and cardiovascular disease
Armed conflict affects a substantial number of people worldwide and often interferes with efforts to prevent and treat cardiovascular disease (CVD). Jawad and colleagues1 performed a systematic review that included 66 studies of adult civilian populations from 23 conflicts. Armed
Advances in identification of genes involved in autosomal recessive intellectual disability: a brief review
Intellectual disability (ID) is a clinically and genetically heterogeneous disorder, affecting 1%–3% of the general population. The number of ID-causing genes is high. Many X-linked genes have been implicated in ID. Autosomal dominant genes have recently been the focus of
Case 25-2019: A 41-Year-Old Pregnant Woman with Abdominal Pain
Presentation of Case. Dr. Madhukar S. Patel (Surgery): A 41-year-old pregnant woman was seen in the emergency department of this hospital at 36 weeks 3 days of gestation because of abdominal pain. Six and a half months before this evaluation,
The Society for Maternal-Fetal Medicine (SMFM) Fetal Anomalies Consult Series
Association of school hours with outcomes of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest in schoolchildren
Objective To investigate the association of school hours with outcomes of schoolchildren with out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA). Methods From the 2005–2014 nationwide databases, we extracted the data for 1660 schoolchildren (6–17 years) with bystander-witnessed OHCA. Univariate analyses followed by propensity-matching
[Editorial] Type 1 diabetes technology: advances and challenges
Technologies to support the management of type 1 diabetes have seen tremendous advances over the past few decades. Starting with the development of early insulin pumps and blood glucose meters, progress has accelerated in recent years with the development of
Warm Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemia
Foreword. This Journal feature begins with a case vignette highlighting a common clinical problem. Evidence supporting various strategies is then presented, followed by a review of formal guidelines, when they exist. The article ends with the author’s clinical recommendations. Stage.
Statewide Implementation of Postoperative Opioid Prescribing Guidelines
To the Editor: Opioids are widely overprescribed after surgery. Leftover medication is often diverted into the community, contributing to the opioid epidemic. The lack of evidence on which to base prescribing practices after surgery may hinder efforts to reduce overprescribing.
Fighting Epilepsy Stigma
Greater efforts are needed worldwide to combat stigma and discrimination against patients with epilepsy, according to a World Health Organization report.
Helen Salisbury: Balancing patient safety and autonomy
If a 90 year old is climbing ladders, should your first instinct be to congratulate her or to warn her of the dangers? I discussed this recently with a friend, whose elderly patient kept chickens…
Disentangling the tangled web of Neisseria gonorrhoeae transmission: how important are oropharyngeal infections?
The prevalence of gonorrhoea within populations is sustained by continued transmission from asymptomatically infected persons, particularly core group transmitters within sexual networks associated with high gonococcal transmission frequencies.1 It is believed that core group transmitters typically maintain a longer period
Time to Reevaluate U.S. Mifepristone Restrictions
In September 2000, the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) — of which one of us was commissioner at the time — approved mifepristone, one of two medications used to end early unwanted pregnancies. At that time, because of limited clinical
Transcriptionally active HERV-H retrotransposons demarcate topologically associating domains in human pluripotent stem cells
Nature Genetics, Published online: 19 August 2019; doi:10.1038/s41588-019-0479-7 Genetic deletion or transcriptional silencing of HERV-H elements in human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) eliminates nearby topologically associating domain boundaries, while de novo insertion of HERV-H elements can introduce new ones. Mutations
Genotype–phenotype mapping in another dimension
Nature Reviews Genetics, Published online: 19 August 2019; doi:10.1038/s41576-019-0170-y A study in Science shows that it is now possible to create high-resolution, non-linear maps of mammalian genetic interactions.
A Most Reckless Proposal — A Plan to Continue Asbestos Use in the United States
Each year, nearly 40,000 Americans die often painful, protracted deaths from diseases caused by asbestos. These deaths occur in firefighters, police officers, construction workers, miners, military veterans, shipyard workers, and maintenance workers whose exposures to asbestos are primarily…
Reliable Sequential Activation of Neural Assemblies by Single Pyramidal Cells in a Three-Layered Cortex
Hemberger et al. examine the actions of single neurons on surrounding networks in reptilian cortex. Cortical pyramidal neurons can initiate neuronal sequences reminiscent of hypothesized “synfire chains,” suggesting the existence of a landscape of preferred paths for cortical information flow.
Sixty seconds on . . . ice lollies
Have you looked outside? Summer’s overThese lollies aren’t designed to cool you down on a hot day: they’re for postoperative patients.After having their tonsils out?No, although some evidence shows…
The case for case reporting
Correction: Abstracts from international Emergency Medicine journals
Abstracts from international Emergency Medicine journals. Emerg Med J 2019;36:511–3. 10.1136/emermed-2019-208938. In this article under the journal Annals of Emergency Medicine, the title and author list was incorrect. The details were duplicated from the African Journal of Emergency Medicine. The Annals
Drifting into unconsciousness: Jason Zirganos and the mystery of undetected hypothermia
Swimming authorities must enforce minimum temperature rules in open water swimming because some open water swimmers—particularly those who are well acclimatised to cold—are unable to judge how cold they are. This potential problem was confirmed in the study of Saycell
Highlights from this issue
Martin Ward Platt The last week of July has seen some very sad news. Our great friend, senior editor, and inspirational colleague, Martin Ward Platt, has died after a long illness. Martin, who was also interim Editor in Chief in
Warm Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemia
Foreword. This Journal feature begins with a case vignette highlighting a common clinical problem. Evidence supporting various strategies is then presented, followed by a review of formal guidelines, when they exist. The article ends with the author’s clinical recommendations. Stage.
The “All of Us” Research Program
Longitudinal cohort studies have improved human health by characterizing natural histories of diseases, identifying their risk factors, and revealing new biomarkers. Advances in genomics and biosensors have set the stage for refined taxonomies of disease, which may help to guide
Mike’s Labels
Mike is a homeless chronic alcoholic. I know this because I wrote his label right here on his medical record. The first sentence, variations of which appear hundreds of times in his file, reads, “53-year-old homeless male, chronic alcoholic, presenting
Case 25-2019: A 41-Year-Old Pregnant Woman with Abdominal Pain
Presentation of Case. Dr. Madhukar S. Patel (Surgery): A 41-year-old pregnant woman was seen in the emergency department of this hospital at 36 weeks 3 days of gestation because of abdominal pain. Six and a half months before this evaluation,
Time to Reevaluate U.S. Mifepristone Restrictions
In September 2000, the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) — of which one of us was commissioner at the time — approved mifepristone, one of two medications used to end early unwanted pregnancies. At that time, because of limited clinical
Case 25-2019: A 41-Year-Old Pregnant Woman with Abdominal Pain
Presentation of Case. Dr. Madhukar S. Patel (Surgery): A 41-year-old pregnant woman was seen in the emergency department of this hospital at 36 weeks 3 days of gestation because of abdominal pain. Six and a half months before this evaluation,
Five-Year Outcomes with Dabrafenib plus Trametinib in Metastatic Melanoma
Historically, metastatic melanoma has been associated with a poor prognosis, but the introduction of BRAF- and MEK-targeted therapies and immune checkpoint inhibitors has substantially improved outcomes in these patients. Each of these therapies — including drugs that target programmed cell
An Anti-CD3 Antibody, Teplizumab, in Relatives at Risk for Type 1 Diabetes
Type 1 diabetes is caused by the autoimmune destruction of insulin-producing beta cells in the islets of Langerhans, which leads to dependence on exogenous insulin for survival. Approximately 1 million to 1.5 million Americans have type 1 diabetes, which is
Recognition for Discoveries in DNA Repair
Recombination between homologous chromosomes is essential for successful meiosis. It drives genetic diversity in germline cells and provides the necessary scaffolding for accurate, balanced segregation of the parental chromosomes into meiotic products. However, its importance in somatic cells has…
Diversity matters
Nature Reviews Genetics, Published online: 16 August 2019; doi:10.1038/s41576-019-0162-y For genomics to fulfil its potential of improving human health, diversity and inclusion must be recognized as essential catalysts of research success.
Five-Year Outcomes with Dabrafenib plus Trametinib in Metastatic Melanoma
Historically, metastatic melanoma has been associated with a poor prognosis, but the introduction of BRAF- and MEK-targeted therapies and immune checkpoint inhibitors has substantially improved outcomes in these patients. Each of these therapies — including drugs that target programmed cell
An Anti-CD3 Antibody, Teplizumab, in Relatives at Risk for Type 1 Diabetes
Type 1 diabetes is caused by the autoimmune destruction of insulin-producing beta cells in the islets of Langerhans, which leads to dependence on exogenous insulin for survival. Approximately 1 million to 1.5 million Americans have type 1 diabetes, which is
Don’t blame GPs for late cancer diagnoses—but are the data accurate?
Yes we can do better than blaming general practitioners for late cancer diagnoses.1 But the data also need to be questioned. If I refer a patient for computed tomography, then they wait weeks for an…
Highlights from this issue
Martin Ward Platt The last week of July has seen some very sad news. Our great friend, senior editor, and inspirational colleague, Martin Ward Platt, has died after a long illness. Martin, who was also interim Editor in Chief in 2017,
Dataset for the reporting of renal biopsy for tumour: recommendations from the International Collaboration on Cancer Reporting (ICCR)
The International Collaboration on Cancer Reporting (ICCR) has developed a suite of detailed datasets for international implementation. These datasets are based on the reporting protocols developed by the Royal College of Pathologists (UK), The Royal College of Pathologists of Australasia
Ibrutinib outperforms FCR in CLL
Nature Reviews Clinical Oncology, Published online: 15 August 2019; doi:10.1038/s41571-019-0265-6 Ibrutinib outperforms FCR in CLL
Distinct Molecular Trajectories Converge to Induce Naive Pluripotency
Stuart et al. report distinct routes of reprogramming to naive pluripotency. These differ in their transcriptional trajectories, mechanistic requirements, and developmental parallels, thus demonstrating considerable flexibility for a given cell identity transition to occur. Distinct routes converge on precise Oct4 expression,
Time to Reevaluate U.S. Mifepristone Restrictions
In September 2000, the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) — of which one of us was commissioner at the time — approved mifepristone, one of two medications used to end early unwanted pregnancies. At that time, because of limited clinical
TEMPORARY REMOVAL: Pelvic floor muscle strength and the incidence of pelvic floor disorders after vaginal and cesarean childbirth
The publisher regrets that this article has been temporarily removed. A replacement will appear as soon as possible in which the reason for the removal of the article will be specified, or the article will be reinstated.The full Elsevier Policy
Author Correction: Genetic meta-analysis of diagnosed Alzheimer’s disease identifies new risk loci and implicates Aβ, tau, immunity and lipid processing
Nature Genetics, Published online: 15 August 2019; doi:10.1038/s41588-019-0495-7 Author Correction: Genetic meta-analysis of diagnosed Alzheimer’s disease identifies new risk loci and implicates Aβ, tau, immunity and lipid processing
Cholesterol Crystal Embolization after Transcatheter Aortic-Valve Replacement
Figure 1.
Neutrophil Extracellular Traps Initiate Gallstone Formation
Cholelithiasis, the presence of gallstones in the gallbladder or ducts, is a prevalent human disease with a high socioeconomic burden. Muñoz and colleagues demonstrate that the formation of neutrophil extracellular traps fosters the generation and growth of gallstones.
Case 25-2019: A 41-Year-Old Pregnant Woman with Abdominal Pain
Presentation of Case. Dr. Madhukar S. Patel (Surgery): A 41-year-old pregnant woman was seen in the emergency department of this hospital at 36 weeks 3 days of gestation because of abdominal pain. Six and a half months before this evaluation,
Warm Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemia
Foreword. This Journal feature begins with a case vignette highlighting a common clinical problem. Evidence supporting various strategies is then presented, followed by a review of formal guidelines, when they exist. The article ends with the author’s clinical recommendations. Stage.
Acyl-CoA-Binding Protein Is a Lipogenic Factor that Triggers Food Intake and Obesity
Bravo-San Pedro et al. investigate the physiological role of the autophagic regulator ACBP, describing that the protein is increased in obese individuals and favors lipogenesis in mouse models, whereas its neutralization reduces the propensity of mice to gain weight in the
A Most Reckless Proposal — A Plan to Continue Asbestos Use in the United States
Each year, nearly 40,000 Americans die often painful, protracted deaths from diseases caused by asbestos. These deaths occur in firefighters, police officers, construction workers, miners, military veterans, shipyard workers, and maintenance workers whose exposures to asbestos are primarily…
Cholesterol Crystal Embolization after Transcatheter Aortic-Valve Replacement
Figure 1.
CRISPR Interference-Based Platform for Multimodal Genetic Screens in Human iPSC-Derived Neurons
Tian, Gachechiladze, and Ludwig et al. present a CRISPR interference-based platform for genetic screens in human iPSC-derived neurons. This platform enables systematic elucidation of gene function in human neurons and reveals neuron-specific roles of genes for survival, transcriptomics states, and morphology.
Eculizumab in Aquaporin-4–Positive Neuromyelitis Optica Spectrum Disorder
Neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD) is an autoimmune, inflammatory disorder of the central nervous system that has a prevalence of 0.5 to 10 persons (predominantly women) per 100,000 population. It is characterized mainly by recurrent optic neuritis and myelitis, and
An Anti-CD3 Antibody, Teplizumab, in Relatives at Risk for Type 1 Diabetes
Type 1 diabetes is caused by the autoimmune destruction of insulin-producing beta cells in the islets of Langerhans, which leads to dependence on exogenous insulin for survival. Approximately 1 million to 1.5 million Americans have type 1 diabetes, which is
Statewide Implementation of Postoperative Opioid Prescribing Guidelines
To the Editor: Opioids are widely overprescribed after surgery. Leftover medication is often diverted into the community, contributing to the opioid epidemic. The lack of evidence on which to base prescribing practices after surgery may hinder efforts to reduce overprescribing.
Diseases Have No Borders, Neither Should Research!
In response to recent anti-Chinese sentiment in the US, Sunney Xie uses his own experiences to assert that American ideals should not be replaced by nationalism and populism and that everybody wins in Sino-US scientific collaborations, contrary to what Americans
[Editorial] Reaching critical mass on mass shootings
In just over a week, a spate of mass shootings devastated the USA: in Gilroy, CA, on July 28, 2019, three people were killed and 12 injured at a festival; in El Paso, TX, on Aug 3, 22 were killed
A Most Reckless Proposal — A Plan to Continue Asbestos Use in the United States
Each year, nearly 40,000 Americans die often painful, protracted deaths from diseases caused by asbestos. These deaths occur in firefighters, police officers, construction workers, miners, military veterans, shipyard workers, and maintenance workers whose exposures to asbestos are primarily…
Consultant who oversaw FGM guidelines is struck off for possessing extreme pornography
A consultant obstetrician who was responsible for guidelines on treating victims of female genital mutilation (FGM) has been struck off the UK medical register over the possession of extreme…
Chemotherapy alone for patients 75 years and older with epithelial ovarian cancer – is interval cytoreductive surgery still needed?
Ovarian cancer patients ≥ 75 years old experience high peri-operative morbidity, but recruitment into prospective trials to assess the role of surgery continues to be challenging.
The aetiology of death for marathon runner Phidippides?Endurance training and myocardial infarction with non-obstructive coronary artery disease may have been the cause of death of Phidippides, from present day evidence of an athlete who survived, and is discussed
Phidippides was a legendary Greek runner who ran from Marathon to Athens in 490 BC to announce the victory of the Greeks over the Persians. After running about 40 km to the Acropolis in Athens, he promptly collapsed and died.
Highlights from this issue
After a terrific Summer of sport, this month’s airwaves celebrates great sportsmen and women, the teams and the sporting highs and lows. The penalty Shootout In sport, as in life, the future is uncertain and indeed there are only three
Defining chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy subtypes
An electrophysiological and biopsy study of 106 patients with chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy identifies differences between disease subtypes Chronic inflammatory neuropathies include multifocal motor neuropathy, which is purely motor and often associated with complement-fixing antibodies to ganglioside GM1, paraproteinaemic demyelinating
Anaesthesia use in catheter ablation for atrial fibrillation: a systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies
Objectives This meta-analysis and systematic review seeks to compare both characteristic parameters and procedural outcomes of atrial fibrillation (AF) catheter ablation in patients under general anaesthesia (GA)/deep sedation and mild/moderate sedation. Background Catheter ablation has become a widely applied intervention
Verbal abuse against home care aides: another shot across the bow in violence against health care and other workers
It is disconcerting that while physical assault is perceived as a major consequence of work-related violence, non-physical violence—which includes threats, sexual harassment, verbal abuse and bullying—may result in even greater burdens for the victims.1–4 In particular, verbal abuse involving another
Drug company Aspen may pay NHS {pound}8m after investigation alleges illegal deal to hike drug price
The drug company Aspen may have to pay the NHS £8m (€8.7m; $9.7m) after an investigation by the Competition and Markets Authority (CMA) into an arrangement it made with two rival companies, which…
Pheochromocytoma and Paraganglioma
Pheochromocytoma fascinates and, at times, confounds clinicians. The symptoms due to hypersecretion of catecholamines can mimic more than 30 medical disorders. This rare tumor can be lethal if left undiagnosed. Thus, rapid recognition is vital. Yet selecting a good approach
October 2011 (vol. 205, no. 4, pages 362.e4-.e6)
Chandra V, Fatima I, Saxena R, et al. Apoptosis induction and inhibition of hyperplasia formation by 2-[piperidinoethoxyphenyl]-3-[4-hydroxyphenyl]-2H-benzo(b)pyran in rat uterus. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2011;205:362.e1-11.
Case 24-2019: A 39-Year-Old Woman with Palpitations, Abdominal Pain, and Vomiting
Presentation of Case. Dr. Kelsey Hills-Evans (Medicine): A 39-year-old woman with cyclic vomiting syndrome and polysubstance use disorder was seen in the emergency department of this hospital because of abdominal pain and vomiting. Eleven weeks before the current presentation, the
Enhanced mGlu5 Signaling in Excitatory Neurons Promotes Rapid Antidepressant Effects via AMPA Receptor Activation
Conventional antidepressants have limited efficacy and many side effects, highlighting the need for fast-acting and specific medications. Holz et al. utilize cell-membrane-permeable TAT-fused peptides, which specifically modulate glutamatergic neurotransmission, as a novel strategy for rapid and effective antidepressant treatment.
Changing Medical Practice, Not Patients — Putting an End to Conversion Therapy
Boy Erased and The Miseducation of Cameron Post, two movies released in 2018, raised awareness of efforts to change people’s sexual orientation, also known as conversion therapy. These films portray the trauma inflicted by such efforts and the patently false
Reductions in Rotavirus Infections
Widespread use of the rotavirus vaccine has shortened the rotavirus season from 26 to 9 weeks and has drastically reduced the number of children testing positive for infections, according to a CDC report.
Social media can harm when use displaces sleep or exercise or involves bullying, finds study
The frequency of social media use is unlikely to cause direct harm to young girls, but if use of it displaces sleep and exercise or involves cyberbullying then it can have a negative effect, a study…
Cutaneous Ulcerations in Anti-MDA5 Dermatomyositis
Figure 1.
A case of dissociative convulsions presented as frequent epilepsy-like seizures
Dissociative convulsions, a prominent form of dissociative (conversion) disorder formerly known as hysteria, are a common and elusive differential diagnosis from epilepsy. However, the treatment of such patients is always challenging and frustrating due to poor response to the routinely
New targeted agents for urothelial carcinoma
Nature Reviews Clinical Oncology, Published online: 12 August 2019; doi:10.1038/s41571-019-0263-8 New targeted agents for urothelial carcinoma
A Phase 3 Randomized Trial of Voxelotor in Sickle Cell Disease
Sickle cell disease affects approximately 100,000 persons in the United States and reduces life expectancy by approximately 30 years. The disease is caused by a single amino acid substitution resulting in the production of sickle hemoglobin (HbS). HbS polymerizes when
Reply to ‘Reconciling disparate estimates of viral genetic diversity during human influenza infections’
Nature Genetics, Published online: 12 August 2019; doi:10.1038/s41588-019-0486-8 Reply to ‘Reconciling disparate estimates of viral genetic diversity during human influenza infections’
A Large Panel of Isogenic APP and PSEN1 Mutant Human iPSC Neurons Reveals Shared Endosomal Abnormalities Mediated by APP β-CTFs, Not Aβ
Kwart and Gregg et al. generated a comprehensive panel of isogenic autosomal dominant familial Alzheimer’s disease (fAD) mutant human iPSCs. Differentiated neurons demonstrated common alterations in early endosomes mediated by accumulation of β-CTF, not Aβ.
Cluster of Sphingomonas paucimobilis Bacteremias Linked to Diversion of Intravenous Hydromorphone
To the Editor: In June and July of 2018, Sphingomonas paucimobilis bacteremia occurred in six patients at Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center; the first three cases were diagnosed within 1 week of one another (Table 1). The common source was
Immediate Transfusion and Transfusion Volume in African Children with Severe Anemia
Severe anemia is common among children in sub-Saharan Africa and presents a unique challenge, given the high prevalence of malaria, infectious diarrhea, and malnutrition in underresourced regions. The guidelines of the World Health Organization (WHO) suggest transfusing a volume of
Opioids: GPs suspended after prescribing online without verifying patients’ histories
Two GPs who prescribed opioids online without verifying patients’ self reported medical histories have been suspended from the UK medical register.Edward Pooley and Dharson Dharmasena prescribed…
Use of dual-energy CT to detect and depict bone marrow oedema in rheumatoid arthritis: is it ready to substitute MRI?
MRI can visualise and depict bone marrow oedema, which is known to be a strong independent predictor for radiographic progression in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA).1 2 Recent advances in dual-energy CT have enabled the direct visualisation of traumatic bone
Pheochromocytoma and Paraganglioma
Pheochromocytoma fascinates and, at times, confounds clinicians. The symptoms due to hypersecretion of catecholamines can mimic more than 30 medical disorders. This rare tumor can be lethal if left undiagnosed. Thus, rapid recognition is vital. Yet selecting a good approach
Pheochromocytoma and Paraganglioma
Pheochromocytoma fascinates and, at times, confounds clinicians. The symptoms due to hypersecretion of catecholamines can mimic more than 30 medical disorders. This rare tumor can be lethal if left undiagnosed. Thus, rapid recognition is vital. Yet selecting a good approach
Changing Medical Practice, Not Patients — Putting an End to Conversion Therapy
Boy Erased and The Miseducation of Cameron Post, two movies released in 2018, raised awareness of efforts to change people’s sexual orientation, also known as conversion therapy. These films portray the trauma inflicted by such efforts and the patently false
Changing Medical Practice, Not Patients — Putting an End to Conversion Therapy
Boy Erased and The Miseducation of Cameron Post, two movies released in 2018, raised awareness of efforts to change people’s sexual orientation, also known as conversion therapy. These films portray the trauma inflicted by such efforts and the patently false
Pheochromocytoma and Paraganglioma
Pheochromocytoma fascinates and, at times, confounds clinicians. The symptoms due to hypersecretion of catecholamines can mimic more than 30 medical disorders. This rare tumor can be lethal if left undiagnosed. Thus, rapid recognition is vital. Yet selecting a good approach
Surgical Management of Neuroproliferative-Associated Vestibulodynia: A Tutorial on Vestibulectomy with Vaginal Advancement Flap
Provoked vestibulodynia is an often under diagnosed and mismanaged medical condition that impacts the lives of many women. When symptoms are due to a dramatically increased density of pain fibers in the vestibular endoderm the condition is referred to as
Sustainable Discovery and Development of Antibiotics — Is a Nonprofit Approach the Future?
The introduction of penicillin transformed the practice of medicine and contributed to mortality from infections plummeting by about 80% in the United States, from 280 to 60 per 100,000 population. This transformation is now under threat, however, as rising rates
Cutaneous Ulcerations in Anti-MDA5 Dermatomyositis
Figure 1.
Nascent RNA analyses: tracking transcription and its regulation
Nature Reviews Genetics, Published online: 09 August 2019; doi:10.1038/s41576-019-0159-6 This Review provides an overview of different approaches for measuring nascent RNA synthesis. It discusses the complementary strengths of these different methods and how they have contributed to a mechanistic understanding
Artificial intelligence in digital pathology — new tools for diagnosis and precision oncology
Nature Reviews Clinical Oncology, Published online: 09 August 2019; doi:10.1038/s41571-019-0252-y The authors of this Perspective critically evaluate various artificial intelligence (AI)-based computational approaches used for digital pathology and provide a broad framework to incorporate these tools into clinical oncology, discussing
Impact of Oral Metronidazole Treatment on the Vaginal Microbiota and Correlates of Treatment Failure
Metronidazole is the first-line treatment for bacterial vaginosis (BV), but cure rates are suboptimal and recurrence rates high.
How to fix doctors’ rotas: vacation policies and mutual respect
The main question is not “How to fix doctors’ rotas,” but what needs to be fixed?1I understand the difficulty for both the rota coordinators and doctors dealing with insufficient resources and work…
Post hoc power analysis: is it an informative and meaningful analysis?
Power analysis is a key component for planning prospective studies such as clinical trials. However, some journals in biomedical and psychosocial sciences ask for power analysis for data already collected and analysed before accepting manuscripts for publication. In this report,
A Phase 3 Randomized Trial of Voxelotor in Sickle Cell Disease
Sickle cell disease affects approximately 100,000 persons in the United States and reduces life expectancy by approximately 30 years. The disease is caused by a single amino acid substitution resulting in the production of sickle hemoglobin (HbS). HbS polymerizes when
Cancer statistics for adults aged 85 years and older, 2019
Abstract Adults aged 85 years and older, the “oldest old,” are the fastest‐growing age group in the United States, yet relatively little is known about their cancer burden. Combining data from the National Cancer Institute, the North American Association of Central
Abortion Rights in Peril — What Clinicians Need to Know
This year, 2019, has become a critical time for abortion rights, with an unprecedented surge of abortion bans sweeping across the United States. Through June 1, some 26 abortion bans have been enacted in 12 states, and many more have
Routine assessment of cerebroplacental ratio at 35-37 weeks’ gestation in the prediction of adverse perinatal outcome
Volanesorsen and Triglyceride Levels in Familial Chylomicronemia Syndrome
Familial chylomicronemia syndrome is a rare genetic disorder characterized by reduced or absent lipoprotein lipase (LPL) activity. LPL mediates lipolysis of plasma triglycerides in chylomicrons and other triglyceride-rich lipoproteins, and its absence leads to marked fasting and postprandial…
The biogenesis, biology and characterization of circular RNAs
Nature Reviews Genetics, Published online: 08 August 2019; doi:10.1038/s41576-019-0158-7 In eukaryotes, circular RNAs (circRNAs) carry out important biological roles by acting as microRNA or protein sponges, regulating protein function or through cap-independent translation. New technologies for identifying and characterizing circRNAs
Single-Cell Survey of Human Lymphatics Unveils Marked Endothelial Cell Heterogeneity and Mechanisms of Homing for Neutrophils
Using single-cell RNA sequencing, Takeda and colleagues identify six types of lymphatic endothelial cells (LECs) in human lymph nodes (LNs) mapped to particular locations, including subcapsular and medullary sinuses (SCSs and MSs). CD209 on MS LECs mediates neutrophil adhesion in
Case 24-2019: A 39-Year-Old Woman with Palpitations, Abdominal Pain, and Vomiting
Presentation of Case. Dr. Kelsey Hills-Evans (Medicine): A 39-year-old woman with cyclic vomiting syndrome and polysubstance use disorder was seen in the emergency department of this hospital because of abdominal pain and vomiting. Eleven weeks before the current presentation, the
Leigh Syndrome Mouse Model Can Be Rescued by Interventions that Normalize Brain Hyperoxia, but Not HIF Activation
Leigh syndrome is a severe mitochondrial disorder. Here, Jain et al. show, in a mouse model of the disease, that excess oxygen in the brain is a likely cause of tissue damage and that distinct interventions that reduce oxygen delivery to
Vitamin D Supplementation and Prevention of Type 2 Diabetes
More than 84 million adults in the United States have an increased risk of type 2 diabetes, based on a fasting glucose or glycated hemoglobin level above the normal range but below the threshold for diabetes. Persons at high risk
Case 24-2019: A 39-Year-Old Woman with Palpitations, Abdominal Pain, and Vomiting
Presentation of Case. Dr. Kelsey Hills-Evans (Medicine): A 39-year-old woman with cyclic vomiting syndrome and polysubstance use disorder was seen in the emergency department of this hospital because of abdominal pain and vomiting. Eleven weeks before the current presentation, the
Vitamin D Supplementation and Prevention of Type 2 Diabetes
More than 84 million adults in the United States have an increased risk of type 2 diabetes, based on a fasting glucose or glycated hemoglobin level above the normal range but below the threshold for diabetes. Persons at high risk
Distinct Contributions of Whisker Sensory Cortex and Tongue-Jaw Motor Cortex in a Goal-Directed Sensorimotor Transformation
Mayrhofer et al. map the location of mouse tongue-jaw motor cortex, finding that its neuronal activity encodes licking direction and is necessary for contralateral goal-directed licking but does not encode which sensory cue initiates licking, in contrast to sensory cortex.
Bearing Witness
You can’t walk into a pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) anywhere in the world without being viscerally struck by sights, smells, and sounds that can easily overwhelm the uninitiated. Every child in a PICU is attached to various monitors that
Sustainable Discovery and Development of Antibiotics — Is a Nonprofit Approach the Future?
The introduction of penicillin transformed the practice of medicine and contributed to mortality from infections plummeting by about 80% in the United States, from 280 to 60 per 100,000 population. This transformation is now under threat, however, as rising rates
Early Effects of an Accountable Care Organization Model for Underserved Areas
Groups of physicians, hospitals, and other health care providers participate in Accountable Care Organizations (ACOs) in the Medicare Shared Savings Program (MSSP) with the goal of delivering high-quality care while spending below a benchmark based on their historical spending. MSSP
Cluster of Sphingomonas paucimobilis Bacteremias Linked to Diversion of Intravenous Hydromorphone
To the Editor: In June and July of 2018, Sphingomonas paucimobilis bacteremia occurred in six patients at Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center; the first three cases were diagnosed within 1 week of one another (Table 1). The common source was
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