Nature Reviews Clinical Oncology, Published online: 29 April 2022; doi:10.1038/s41571-022-00641-1 Response to neoadjuvant endocrine therapy complements recurrence score
Liver stiffness and steatosis in preeclampsia as shown by transient elastography – a prospective cohort study
Preeclampsia is a multisystem disorder and the leading cause of severe morbidity and death in pregnancy. Liver involvement in preeclampsia ranges from elevated liver enzyme levels to hepatic infarction or rupture. Endothelial dysfunction leads to changes in blood flow and
The final pieces of the human genome
Nature Reviews Genetics, Published online: 29 April 2022; doi:10.1038/s41576-022-00494-5 In six new studies published in Science, the Telomere-to-Telomere (T2T) Consortium reports the assembly and initial characterization of the final, previously unresolved 8% of the human genome.
How to tackle inequitable access, vaccine hesitancy, and other barriers to achieve high vaccine uptake
World Immunisation Week is an opportune moment to reflect on the importance of vaccination as one of the foundations of a functioning public health system. This year presents a unique set of…
At a crossroads: how to translate the roles of PI3K in oncogenic and metabolic signalling into improvements in cancer therapy
Nature Reviews Clinical Oncology, Published online: 28 April 2022; doi:10.1038/s41571-022-00633-1 Several PI3K pathway inhibitors are currently approved as cancer treatments; however, finding an acceptable therapeutic window to target this key signalling cascade linking cancer growth with metabolism has proven challenging
Genomic selection and genetic architecture of agronomic traits during modern rapeseed breeding
Nature Genetics, Published online: 28 April 2022; doi:10.1038/s41588-022-01055-6 Whole-genome resequencing of 418 diverse rapeseed accessions and genome-wide association analyses for 56 agronomic traits provide insights into the genetic architecture and artificial selection or adaptation during modern rapeseed breeding.
The NINDS 2021–2026 Strategic Plan: Partnership and cross-cutting principles
The 2021–2026 Strategic Plan of the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke began with a vision, a mission, and strategic objectives elaborated from within the institute. This plan is a collaborative product of the institute and its many stakeholders,
[Editorial] Offshoring the asylum process: a dangerous move for health
Despite widespread condemnation of the UK’s asylum partnership arrangement with Rwanda, the Home Office appears to be going ahead with its plans to relocate to east Africa people who it deems to have arrived illegally and who are therefore not
Clarification of Conflict of Interest Disclosure
In the Letter to the Editor titled “Radiofrequency Denervation for Chronic Low Back Pain,” published in the December 12, 2017, issue of JAMA, an author’s conflict of interest disclosures required clarification. The disclosures for Sean Mackey, MD, PhD, should have
[Editorial] COPD: a complex, multifactorial, but preventable disease?
April 7, 2022, marked World Health Day with the theme of “Our planet, our health”, which highlighted the estimated 13 million deaths around the world each year due to environmental causes. This is a timely reminder of the need to
UK-Rwanda migration plan fails to safeguard refugees’ medical care, say campaigners
An outcry has greeted the UK’s plan to tackle what it calls “illegal” migration by sending people who arrive by small boats or hidden in lorries to have their asylum claims processed in…
Changing trends in the incidence, management and outcomes of coronary artery perforation over an 11-year period: single-centre experience
Introduction Coronary artery perforation (CP) is a rare but life-threatening complication of percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). This study aimed to assess the incidence, management and outcomes of CP over time. Methods A single-centre retrospective cohort study of all PCIs performed
Prospective insights on the use of bTMB
Nature Reviews Clinical Oncology, Published online: 27 April 2022; doi:10.1038/s41571-022-00640-2 Prospective insights on the use of bTMB
[Editorial] Oncologists in social media—what are the limits?
Over the past 20 years, social media has changed the way society communicates and shares information, and its widespread use has permeated health care, including oncology. Even social media’s fiercest critics—who call attention to the risks of the spread of
Clinical management of metastatic colorectal cancer in the era of precision medicine
Abstract Colorectal cancer (CRC) represents approximately 10% of all cancers and is the second most common cause of cancer deaths. Initial clinical presentation as metastatic CRC (mCRC) occurs in approximately 20% of patients. Moreover, up to 50% of patients with
Salpingo-Oophorectomy or Surveillance for Ovarian Endometrioma in Asymptomatic Premenopausal Women: a Cost-Effectiveness Analysis
The lifetime risk of ovarian cancer is 1.9% among women with endometriosis compared to 1.3% among the general population. When an asymptomatic endometrioma is incidentally discovered on imaging, gynecologists must weigh procedural complications and potential for subsequent surgical menopause against
First glimpse of enhancers in gene regulation
Nature Reviews Genetics, Published online: 27 April 2022; doi:10.1038/s41576-022-00492-7 Dimple Notani highlights a 1981 paper by Banerji et al. that describes the discovery of viral enhancer elements and that continues to shape her research today.
[Editorial] Levelling up HIV testing for the endgame
The UK has made incredible steps towards ending AIDS as a public health threat, being one of the first countries in the world to achieve UNAIDS 95-95-95 targets. In 2020, the HIV Commission for England recommended that to go the
Large US Study Examines First 6 Months of COVID-19 Vaccine Safety Data
During the first 6 months of the US COVID-19 vaccination campaign, most adverse events reported to surveillance systems were mild and short-lived, researchers from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention reported in The Lancet Infectious Diseases. The study examined
Why is respiratory protective equipment still an issue in the NHS?
The World Health Organisation (WHO) and the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) both recognise the airborne transmission of SARS-COV-2, at both short and long range, yet there…
Predicting Group II pulmonary hypertension: diagnostic accuracy of the H2FPEF and OPTICS scores in Scotland
Objective Group II pulmonary hypertension (PH) can be challenging to distinguish from Group I PH without proceeding to right heart catheterisation (RHC). The diagnostic accuracy of the H2FPEF and OPTICS scores was investigated in Scotland. Methods Patients were included in
Precision antiplatelet therapy for the prevention of ischaemic stroke
Author Correction: Genome-wide association analyses identify new Brugada syndrome risk loci and highlight a new mechanism of sodium channel regulation in disease susceptibility
Nature Genetics, Published online: 26 April 2022; doi:10.1038/s41588-022-01079-y Author Correction: Genome-wide association analyses identify new Brugada syndrome risk loci and highlight a new mechanism of sodium channel regulation in disease susceptibility
Are increased fetal movements during pregnancy a predictor of neonatal adverse outcomes?
Clarification of Conflict of Interest Disclosure
In the Letter to the Editor titled “Radiofrequency Denervation for Chronic Low Back Pain,” published in the December 12, 2017, issue of JAMA, an author’s conflict of interest disclosures required clarification. The disclosures for Sean Mackey, MD, PhD, should have
Hepatitis in children: What’s behind the outbreaks?
How many children have been affected?The World Health Organization has so far reported 169 cases of acute hepatitis of unknown origin from 11 countries in Europe and the US, as of 21 April 2022.1In…
Optimal systemic therapy for high-risk resectable melanoma
Nature Reviews Clinical Oncology, Published online: 25 April 2022; doi:10.1038/s41571-022-00630-4 Immune-checkpoint inhibitors and BRAF-targeted therapy have revolutionized the treatment of advanced-stage, unresectable melanoma and have been successfully transitioned into the resectable disease setting as (neo)adjuvant treatments. The expanding range of
[Editorial] Ongoing humanitarian crisis in Ukraine
More than a month after Russia’s invasion of Ukraine on Feb 24, 2022, the situation in many areas of the country is now desperate, and at the time of writing, peace talks have not led to substantial progress. For the
First trimester uterine rupture: a case report and systematic review of the literature
To present a case of first trimester uterine rupture and perform systematic review to identify common presentations, risk factors, and management strategies.
HOXB13 suppresses de novo lipogenesis through HDAC3-mediated epigenetic reprogramming in prostate cancer
Nature Genetics, Published online: 25 April 2022; doi:10.1038/s41588-022-01045-8 HOXB13 suppresses a lipogenic transcriptional program in prostate cancer (PCa) through HDAC3 recruitment to enhancers. Loss of HOXB13 leads to lipid accumulation in PCa cells, promoting cell motility in vitro and xenograft
Association of Race and Ethnicity With Dementia
With the increasing emphasis on diversity and equity in health care and in the context of increasing numbers of individuals with dementia, there is growing interest in knowing how pervasive and equally distributed dementia is among older individuals in racial
Women, children, and adolescents face extreme vulnerability in conflict—and so do the health workers striving to protect them
As bombs fall down on defenceless communities in Ukraine, we have been reminded yet again of the extreme vulnerability of women, children, and adolescents in conflict zones—and of the risks which…
Meta-surrogate decision making and artificial intelligence
How shall we decide for others who cannot (currently) decide for themselves? And who—or what, in the case of artificial intelligence—should make the decision? The present issue of the journal tackles several interrelated topics, many of them having to do
Second trimester short cervix is associated with decreased abundance of cervicovaginal lipid metabolites
Short cervix is a risk factor for preterm birth. Molecular drivers of short cervix remain elusive. Metabolites may function as mediators of pathologic processes.
Organization and expression of the mammalian mitochondrial genome
Nature Reviews Genetics, Published online: 22 April 2022; doi:10.1038/s41576-022-00480-x Rackham and Filipovska review our current understanding of mitochondrial genome organization and expression, and discuss how new technologies and animal models are providing insights into how its mis-regulation leads to diseases
Large US Study Examines First 6 Months of COVID-19 Vaccine Safety Data
During the first 6 months of the US COVID-19 vaccination campaign, most adverse events reported to surveillance systems were mild and short-lived, researchers from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention reported in The Lancet Infectious Diseases. The study examined
Ukraine: one in three people with chronic conditions have problems accessing healthcare
Two in five households remaining in Ukraine have at least one person with a chronic illness and a third of these are finding it difficult to access the care they need because of the ongoing war, a…
Use of lipid-lowering therapy after ischaemic stroke and expected benefit from intensification of treatment
Objectives Elevated low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) increases the risk of recurrent cardiovascular disease (CVD) events. We examined use of lipid-lowering therapy (LLT) following ischaemic stroke, and estimated benefits from guideline-based up-titration of LLT. Methods The Norwegian COgnitive Impairment After STroke
Health conditions among retired professional footballers: a scoping review
Objective To conduct a scoping review providing an overview of the health conditions occuring in retired male and female professional footballers, with an emphasis on musculoskeletal, mental, neurocognitive, cardiovascular and reproductive health conditions. Methods In January 2022, a comprehensive systematic
Oculo-auriculo-vertebral spectrum: new genes and literature review on a complex disease
Oculo-auriculo-vertebral spectrum (OAVS) or Goldenhar syndrome is due to an abnormal development of first and second branchial arches derivatives during embryogenesis and is characterised by hemifacial microsomia associated with auricular, ocular and vertebral malformations. The clinical and genetic heterogeneity of
Foreword: Her Royal Highness The Princess Royal
As Patron of the British Cardiovascular Society for its Centenary in 2022, it is my great pleasure to introduce this special edition of “Heart”. As the world’s oldest professional cardiac society, founded as the Cardiac Club on 22nd April 1922,
Gut microbes as biomarkers of ICI response — sharpening the focus
Nature Reviews Clinical Oncology, Published online: 21 April 2022; doi:10.1038/s41571-022-00634-0 Two recent large-cohort studies reinforce the potential predictive capability of gut microbiota for immune-checkpoint inhibitor response and toxicities in patients with melanoma. However, additional investigations are required to understand the
A Chitosan-Coated Chamomile Microparticles Formulation to Prevent Radiodermatitis in Breast: A Double-blinded, Controlled, Randomized, Phase II Clinical Trial
Purpose: The aim was to evaluate the effect of a topical formulation containing chitosan-coated Chamomilla recutita (L.) rauschert microparticles regarding the incidence, grade, and days for the appearance of radiodermatitis (RD) in women with breast cancer. Methods: A double-blinded, controlled,
Adverse childhood events and health-related quality of life among women undergoing hysterectomy for uterine leiomyoma
Epidemiologic research suggests that psychosocial stress may increase fibroid risk,1, 2 but associations with symptom severity, which often influence clinical management decisions, have been underexamined. Our objective is to examine associations between adverse childhood experiences (ACE) and symptom severity and
[Editorial] Long COVID: the elephant in the room
On April 1, 2022, the UK government ended free universal COVID-19 testing, as part of the Living with COVID-19 plan. The legal requirement to isolate if positive has also been scrapped in England under this plan, and all other public
[Editorial] War and infectious diseases: brothers in arms
On Feb 24, 2022, Russia invaded Ukraine. The invasion has resulted in death, injury, and the displacement of people. Even if ongoing peace talks bring a cessation to hostilities, Ukraine will likely continue to suffer for years to come. War
[Editorial] Malaria in 2022: a year of opportunity
The theme of this year’s World Malaria Day, April 25, is “Harness innovation to reduce the malaria disease burden and save lives.” WHO is calling for investment and innovation in vector control, diagnostics, and treatments to help countries eliminate malaria
York eating disorders hospital is placed in special measures after care judged unsafe
Schoen Clinic York, a specialist eating disorder hospital for adults in England, has been placed in special measures after an inspection by the Care Quality Commission (CQC) found patients were “at…
Building trust in artificial intelligence and new technologies in mental health
In 2019, the Topol review was published on behalf of the secretary of state for health and social care in the UK, preparing the healthcare workforce to deliver the digital future.1 A multidisciplinary team of experts, including clinicians, researchers, ethicists,
Building artificial intelligence and machine learning models : a primer for emergency physicians
There has been a rise in the number of studies relating to the role of artificial intelligence (AI) in healthcare. Its potential in Emergency Medicine (EM) has been explored in recent years with operational, predictive, diagnostic and prognostic emergency department
Highlights from this issue
Microbiological evaluation of corneal and contact lens cultures in contact lens-associated bacterial keratitis (see page 600) Contact lens microbiological cultures provided additional information in patients with microbial keratitis. However, the overall level of agreement with corneal cultures was low. Primary
Does vaginal progesterone prevent recurrent preterm birth in women with a singleton gestation and a history of spontaneous preterm birth?Evidence from a systematic review and meta-analysis
To assess the efficacy and safety of vaginal progesterone to prevent recurrent preterm birth and adverse perinatal outcomes in singleton gestations with a history of spontaneous preterm birth.
Marmosets confirm that context is king
Neural responses to vocalizations are expected to depend on the sensory features of the stimulus. In this issue of Neuron, Jovanovic and colleagues show that call-responsive neurons in the prefrontal cortex of marmosets signal not only the auditory stimulus but
It takes more than data to help patients and their families navigate the murky waters of living and dying
Several years ago, as a new pulmonary/critical care physician, I saw a patient who was severely ill and we discussed their symptoms. Soon after, I launched into a narrative of what might come next….
Feasibility, efficacy and safety of exercise stress echocardiography during the COVID-19 pandemic
Objective To assess the feasibility, efficacy and safety of performing exercise stress echocardiography (ESE) for the assessment of myocardial ischaemia during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods and results Baseline data were collected prospectively on 740 consecutive patients (mean age 61.4 years,
Highlights from this issue
Hurdlers Though (or maybe because) I was working in Khartoum, Sudan as events reached their climax, I still have vivid memories of the 1989 fall of ‘The Wall’ in Berlin, the city’s (and country’s) subsequent reunification and the catalytic effect
Gene of the month: Cornulin
Cornulin (CRNN) gene encodes a 495 amino acid long protein and is located on chromosome 1q21.3. Primarily, it functions as the marker of differentiation. Initially, it was found to be specific for the squamous cells of oesophagus. However, later on,
Highlights from this issue
Pulse oximetry screening The use of pulse oximetry to screen newborn infants for the presence of critical congenital heart disease (CCHD) is now routine in many countries and is performed by more than 50% of UK neonatal services, but it
Pembrolizumab reduces recurrence risk in stage II melanoma
Nature Reviews Clinical Oncology, Published online: 19 April 2022; doi:10.1038/s41571-022-00638-w Pembrolizumab reduces recurrence risk in stage II melanoma
First trimester prediction of uterine rupture in cesarean scar pregnancy
Association of Race and Ethnicity With Dementia
With the increasing emphasis on diversity and equity in health care and in the context of increasing numbers of individuals with dementia, there is growing interest in knowing how pervasive and equally distributed dementia is among older individuals in racial
Meningitis vaccine could protect against gonorrhoea, studies find
The meningitis vaccine could be used to provide some protection against gonorrhoea, researchers have said.In a collection of studies published in Lancet Infectious Diseases they reported that two…
Breast tumor microenvironment structures are associated with genomic features and clinical outcome
Nature Genetics, Published online: 18 April 2022; doi:10.1038/s41588-022-01041-y Imaging mass cytometry profiling of 693 breast tumors identified 10 recurrent tumor microenvironment spatial structures. These structures were enriched in different molecular subtypes and can be associated with genomic profiles and outcomes.
Tissue characterisation and primary percutaneous coronary intervention guidance using intravascular ultrasound: rationale and design of the SPECTRUM study
Introduction Intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) improves clinical outcome in patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) but dedicated prospective studies assessing the safety and efficacy of IVUS guidance during primary PCI are lacking. Methods and analysis The SPECTRUM study is a prospective
The Paget Trial: Topical 5% imiquimod cream for non-invasive vulvar Paget disease
Vulvar Paget disease is an extremely rare skin disorder, which is most common in postmenopausal women. The majority of vulvar Paget disease cases are non-invasive, however, it may be invasive or associated with an underlying vulvar or distant adenocarcinoma. The
Risk factors for pelvic organ prolapse recurrence after sacrospinous hysteropexy or vaginal hysterectomy with uterosacral ligament suspension
As worldwide the number of surgeries for pelvic organ prolapse are expected to increase, knowledge on risk factors for prolapse recurrence is of importance for developing preventive strategies and shared decision-making.
[Editorial] When two sides go to war
Politicians and military leaders might be able to think in terms of gains and victories, but for the civilians, and many of the ordinary soldiers, involved, there are only losses: loss of home, family, friends, employment, education, as well as
Comparative efficacy and safety of oral P2Y12 inhibitors after non-ST-elevation acute coronary syndromes: a network meta-analysis
Background Currently, potent P2Y12 inhibition with the use of prasugrel or ticagrelor is the mainstay of treatment after an acute coronary syndrome (ACS). The 2020 European Society of Cardiology (ESC) Guidelines recommend the use of prasugrel over ticagrelor in patients
Boosting maternal and neonatal humoral immunity following SARS-CoV-2 infection using a single mRNA vaccine dose
Post-COVID-19 boosting is a potent tool in the ongoing pandemic. Relevant data regarding this approach during pregnancy are lacking, affecting vaccination policy guidance, public acceptance, and vaccine uptake during pregnancy. We aimed to investigate the dynamics of anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibody levels
Using cell-free DNA to infer gene expression
Nature Reviews Genetics, Published online: 14 April 2022; doi:10.1038/s41576-022-00489-2 A paper in Nature Biotechnology describes epigenetic expression inference from cfDNA-sequencing (EPIC-seq), and demonstrates its use for non-invasive classification of cancers.
Higher Risk of Mortality for Individuals Diagnosed With ASD or ADHD Demands a Public Health Prevention Strategy
In this issue of JAMA Pediatrics, Catalá-López et al report the findings of a systematic review and meta-analysis assessing the risk of mortality among persons with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) or attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and their first-degree relatives. The takeaway
Of mice and men: From hematopoiesis in mouse models to curative gene therapy for sickle cell disease
Through studies in mice and in humans, Stuart Orkin showed that GATA-1 is a master transcriptional regulator of hematopoiesis. He has highlighted the role of BCL11A in the fetal-adult hemoglobin switch. The Gairdner Foundation Award recognizes Orkin’s contribution to the
[Editorial] Cancer care: beyond survival
Ringing the bell at the end of cancer treatment. Being given the “all clear” at the final clinic visit. This idea—of a clear endpoint to cancer treatment, after which normality resumes—is prevalent in our assumptions about what successful cancer treatment
Clinical leadership is a difficult balancing act
Kar writes about the challenges of NHS leadership.1 It takes a very special person to become a clinical leader if the role has a management component.In days gone by, clinicians’ requests for funding…
[Editorial] A celebration of neurology in the 21st century
The Lancet Neurology has just turned 20 years old and, with this celebratory issue, the journal commemorates two decades of progress in neurology. A few months before the launch of the journal, on Sept 11, 2001, terrorist attacks had marked
[Editorial] Children: innocent victims of war in Ukraine
“Every war is a war against children”, said Eglantyne Jebb, the founder of Save the Children, in 1919. The past month’s escalating conflict and humanitarian crisis in Ukraine are devastating the rights and health of the country’s 7·5 million children.
Combating a Global Pandemic Will Require Global Representation
The COVID-19 pandemic has highlighted the importance of international research collaborations to quickly understand and successfully combat emerging and reemerging infectious pathogens globally. As SARS-CoV-2, the causative agent of COVID-19, spread across the world, the number of collaborative international studies
When Hong Kong’s “dynamic zero” covid-19 strategy met omicron, low vaccination rates sent deaths soaring
It was a shocking image, unlike anything we had seen before in a Hong Kong hospital,1 even during the devastating SARS outbreak in 2003. A photograph taken on the accident and emergency ward at the…
Celebrating 20 years: its best practice at #sportfisio2022
The Swiss Sports Physiotherapy Association (SSPA) will hopefully (yes, unfortunately, due to the ongoing pandemic, we’re obliged to write again in this way) hold its 20th annual conference on 4 November 2022 in Bern, capital of Switzerland and home of
Combining CAR T cells effective in RRMM
Nature Reviews Clinical Oncology, Published online: 12 April 2022; doi:10.1038/s41571-022-00637-x Combining CAR T cells effective in RRMM
Single Fetal Demise following Fetoscopic Ablation for Twin-to-Twin Transfusion Syndrome -Cohort Study, Systematic Review, and Meta-analysis: a response
Expelliarmus helminthus! Harry Helminth and the Goblet of Alarmins
Epithelial cells (tuft and goblet cells) interact with immune cells on the “inside” while secreting effector molecules into the topological “outside.” In this issue of Immunity, Zhao et al. investigate an interleukin-33 (IL-33) secretion mechanism in goblet cells dependent on O-GlcNAcylation
Large US Study Examines First 6 Months of COVID-19 Vaccine Safety Data
During the first 6 months of the US COVID-19 vaccination campaign, most adverse events reported to surveillance systems were mild and short-lived, researchers from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention reported in The Lancet Infectious Diseases. The study examined
Higher Risk of Mortality for Individuals Diagnosed With ASD or ADHD Demands a Public Health Prevention Strategy
In this issue of JAMA Pediatrics, Catalá-López et al report the findings of a systematic review and meta-analysis assessing the risk of mortality among persons with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) or attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and their first-degree relatives. The takeaway
Increased referral to mental health services and desire for diagnostic labels
Iacobucci reports that a record 4.3 million people were referred to mental health services in England in 2021.1 In his rapid response Mackenzie points out that GPs can provide multiple short…
Timing of primary syphilis treatment and impact on the development of treponemal antibodies: a cross-sectional clinic-based study
Background Serology is negative in a proportion of primary syphilis cases where Treponema pallidum PCR testing is positive. We aimed to identify discordant, T. pallidum PCR-positive, serology-negative primary syphilis cases and any clinical or laboratory factors associated with failure to
Highlights from this issue
We take our theme for this edition of Airwaves from the Thorax cover picture: ‘playing with fire’. The cover picture is from this month’s case based discussion, ‘Lung on fire: a very severe case of fire-eater’s lung.’ Don’t try this
Prevalence and predictors of obesity among women in the fire service
Objectives Firefighter health has received a great deal of increased attention over the past decade, but most work has been specific to men in the fire service due to small numbers of women, likely due to challenges with recruitment and
Novel concept to evaluate efficacy of therapeutics for ALS based on patient preference
A novel composite scale (PROOF, incorporates patient’s perception of disease burden to motor functional evaluation for ALS. Efficacy of therapeutics for neuromuscular diseases has been assessed using critical events such as survival or quantitative or semiquantitative functional scales. Most of
Is representation enough or should we be targeting equitable inclusion?
Nature Reviews Clinical Oncology, Published online: 11 April 2022; doi:10.1038/s41571-022-00635-z To achieve health equity, we advocate for the overrepresentation of particular racial and ethnic minority groups so that analyses of group-specific treatment effects can be optimally powered. A paradigm shift
Antibody response against SARS-CoV-2 Delta and Omicron variants after third-dose BNT162b2 vaccination in allo-HCT recipients
Allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplant (allo-HCT) recipients are particularly at risk of severe COVID-19. In addition, they have lower serological response to two doses of mRNA vaccines as compared to healthy individuals (Redjoul et al., 2021a; Canti et al., 2021; Maillard et al.,
Understanding COVID-19 through genome-wide association studies
Nature Genetics, Published online: 11 April 2022; doi:10.1038/s41588-021-00985-x Defining the most appropriate phenotypes in genome-wide association studies of COVID-19 is challenging, and two new publications demonstrate how case-control definitions critically determine outcomes and downstream clinical utility of findings.
Incorrect Author Name and Affiliation
In the Letter to the Editor titled “Association of Tramadol vs Codeine Prescription Dispensation With Mortality and Other Adverse Outcomes,” published in the February 1, 2022, issue of JAMA, an author name and the affiliation for a coauthor were incorrect.
NHS staff diversity: Some progress made at very senior levels, but experience in ethnic minorities remains poor
The number of staff from ethnic minority groups at very senior manager levels in the NHS in England is at its highest level, having almost doubled between 2020 and 2021, from 153 to 298, show the…
Body iron stores had no impact on coronary heart disease outcomes: a middle-aged male cohort from the general population with 21-year follow-up
Background Body iron stores (BISs) have been proposed to be related to the development of cardiovascular diseases. However, results from epidemiological studies are conflicting. Knowledge on the long-term impact of BIS on cardiovascular outcomes in the general population is lacking.
Combating a Global Pandemic Will Require Global Representation
The COVID-19 pandemic has highlighted the importance of international research collaborations to quickly understand and successfully combat emerging and reemerging infectious pathogens globally. As SARS-CoV-2, the causative agent of COVID-19, spread across the world, the number of collaborative international studies
Error in Figure
The Original Investigation titled “Association of Rivaroxaban vs Apixaban With Major Ischemic or Hemorrhagic Events in Patients With Atrial Fibrillation,” published in the December 21, 2021, issue of JAMA, included an error in the 95% CIs for the hazard ratios
Incorrect Author Name and Affiliation
In the Letter to the Editor titled “Association of Tramadol vs Codeine Prescription Dispensation With Mortality and Other Adverse Outcomes,” published in the February 1, 2022, issue of JAMA, an author name and the affiliation for a coauthor were incorrect.
November 2019 (vol. 221, no. 5)
Andy UU, Amundsen CL, Honeycutt E, et al. Sacral neuromodulation versus onabotulinumtoxinA for refractory urgency urinary incontinence: impact on fecal incontinence symptoms and sexual function. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2019;221:513.e1-15.
Higher Risk of Mortality for Individuals Diagnosed With ASD or ADHD Demands a Public Health Prevention Strategy
In this issue of JAMA Pediatrics, Catalá-López et al report the findings of a systematic review and meta-analysis assessing the risk of mortality among persons with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) or attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and their first-degree relatives. The takeaway
Creating a Sport and Exercise Medicine Masters syllabus for doctors: a Delphi study
Objective Sport and Exercise Medicine (SEM) Masters curricula vary. This Delphi study is aimed to create a consensus curriculum for doctors undertaking SEM Masters courses. Methods A modified Delphi survey was used. An expert panel was established of individuals deemed
Increasing incidence of autoantibody-negative RA is replicated and is partly explained by an aging population
With great interest, we read the recently published report by Myasoedova et al in which a significant increase in incidence of rheumatoid factor (RF)-negative rheumatoid arthritis (RA) was found, in contrast to RF-positive RA.1 Studies on trends of RA-incidence stratified
NHS satisfaction survey underlines need to support and nurture general practice
The results of the latest British Social Attitudes (BSA) Survey of satisfaction with the NHS and its services make grim reading for general practice.1 In 2021, satisfaction with GPs fell an…
Correction: Growth differentiation factor 11 attenuates liver fibrosis via expansion of liver progenitor cells
Dai Z, Song G, Balakrishnan A, et al. Growth differentiation factor 11 attenuates liver fibrosis via expansion of liver progenitor cells. Gut 2020;69:1104–15. doi:10.1136/gutjnl-2019-318812 In the Funding section of the publication, PLUS3 program of Boehringer Ingelheim should be corrected to
Defining counselling in contraceptive information and services: outcomes from an expert think tank
As a global public health good, contraception is a core component of the Sustainable Development Goal 3.7 (universal access to sexual and reproductive healthcare services, including family planning). Fundamentally, access to contraceptive information and services is a human right that
Heartbeat: hypertension risk is higher when obesity onset occurs earlier in adult life
The risk of hypertension is higher in adults with an increased body mass index but there is little data on whether weight gain at a younger age is more detrimental than weight gain later in life. In order to address
c-Maf: The magic wand that turns on LSEC fate
In this issue of Cell Stem Cell, Gómez-Salinero et al. (2022) identify c-Maf as a driver for murine liver sinusoidal endothelial cell (LSEC) fate and function during liver development, homeostasis, and repair. Similarly, c-Maf defines human LSECs, and its overexpression specializes
Genome-edited crops for improved food security of smallholder farmers
Nature Genetics, Published online: 07 April 2022; doi:10.1038/s41588-022-01046-7 Widespread enthusiasm about potential contributions of genome-edited crops to address climate change, food security, nutrition and health, environmental sustainability and diversification of agriculture is dampened by concerns about the associated risks. Analysis
[Editorial] The Ockenden review and women’s health in the UK
“I had a terrible experience…I felt frightened and not listened to…”
Arrhythmia prevalence and sudden death risk in adults with the m.3243A>G mitochondrial disorder
Aims To define the prevalence of non-sustained tachyarrhythmias and bradyarrhythmias in patients with the m.3243A>G mitochondrial genotype and a previously defined, profile, associated with ‘high sudden-death risk’. Methods and results Patients at high risk of sudden death because of combinations
Ignoring women’s experience led to the NHS’s biggest maternity scandal
The Ockenden review of maternity services at Shrewsbury and Telford NHS Trust uncovered the biggest maternity scandal in the NHS’s history. The report concludes that 201 babies and nine mothers might…
Author Correction: Clinical relevance of tumour-associated macrophages
Nature Reviews Clinical Oncology, Published online: 06 April 2022; doi:10.1038/s41571-022-00632-2 Author Correction: Clinical relevance of tumour-associated macrophages
Predictive RNA profiles for early and very early spontaneous preterm birth
Spontaneous preterm birth (sPTB) remains the main driver of childhood morbidity and mortality. Due to an incomplete understanding of the molecular pathways that result in sPTB, accurate predictive markers and target therapeutics remain elusive.
[Editorial] Opacity over live vaccines in infants exposed to infliximab
According to new guidance from the European Medicines Agency (EMA), live vaccines should not be given to infants exposed in utero to infliximab, an anti-TNF drug often used to treat immune-mediated inflammatory diseases such as inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), in
Epigenetic switch controls social actions
Mutations in epigenetic factors are associated with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). In this issue of Neuron, Yan et al. (2022) show that the antagonism of ASH1L and PRC2 switches the equilibrium of histone methylation at the ephrin receptor A7 locus, causing
Combating a Global Pandemic Will Require Global Representation
The COVID-19 pandemic has highlighted the importance of international research collaborations to quickly understand and successfully combat emerging and reemerging infectious pathogens globally. As SARS-CoV-2, the causative agent of COVID-19, spread across the world, the number of collaborative international studies
Chance to limit global heating to 1.5{degrees}C is disappearing, warn scientists
Progress is being made in combating climate change but deeper cuts in emissions are urgently needed if disaster is to be avoided, says the latest report from the United Nations Intergovernmental…
Diagnostic validity and clinical utility of genetic testing for hypertrophic cardiomyopathy: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Objective This study summarises the diagnostic validity and clinical utility of genetic testing for patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) and their at-risk relatives. Methods A systematic search was performed in PubMed (MEDLINE), Embase, CINAHL and Cochrane Central Library databases from
Highlights from this issue
Power of big data to improve patient care in gastroenterology There has been an explosion in the availability and accessibility of ‘big data’ and with it comes the obligation to maximise its potential to improve healthcare. This is across multiple
Association Between Intrauterine Device Type and Risk of Perforation and Device Expulsion: Results From the APEX-IUD Study
Sugar addiction: An Achilles’ heel of auto-immune diseases?
In this issue of Cell Metabolism, Hochrein et al. identify a metabolic checkpoint controlling the transcriptional programming of effector CD4+ T cells. The authors show that GLUT3-mediated glucose import and ACLY-dependent acetyl-CoA generation control histone acetylation and, hence, the epigenetic imprinting of
Error in Figure
The Original Investigation titled “Association of Rivaroxaban vs Apixaban With Major Ischemic or Hemorrhagic Events in Patients With Atrial Fibrillation,” published in the December 21, 2021, issue of JAMA, included an error in the 95% CIs for the hazard ratios
It is vital that we retain some reliable covid-19 surveillance tools
Like many others, I was alarmed by the news that the REACT programme was discontinued at the end of March. There also remains considerable uncertainty over whether other covid surveillance studies…
Clinical, functional and prognostic implications of severe atrial dilation in secondary mitral regurgitation
Objective Atrial dilation is known to be a poor prognostic indicator. However, its clinical, functional and prognostic implications have not been thoroughly explored in secondary mitral regurgitation (SMR). We sought to describe the implications of severe atrial dilation (SAD) in
Cocreating injury prevention training for youth team handball: bridging theory and practice
Although it is advocated that end-users are engaged in developing evidence-based injury prevention training to enhance the implementation, this rarely happens. The ‘Implementing injury Prevention training ROutines in TEams and Clubs in youth Team handball (I-PROTECT)’ uses an ecological participatory
Modifiable Risk Factors for Ectopic Pregnancy: A Mendelian Randomization Study
Exploring the epigenetics of resilience
Nature Genetics, Published online: 04 April 2022; doi:10.1038/s41588-022-01050-x To do good science, we need to include diverse perspectives, work across disciplines and think outside the box while reminding ourselves that our goal as scientists is to serve humanity. I am
Higher Risk of Mortality for Individuals Diagnosed With ASD or ADHD Demands a Public Health Prevention Strategy
In this issue of JAMA Pediatrics, Catalá-López et al report the findings of a systematic review and meta-analysis assessing the risk of mortality among persons with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) or attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and their first-degree relatives. The takeaway
Covid-19: UK adds sore throat, headache, fatigue, and six other symptoms to official list
The UK’s official list of covid-19 symptoms1 has been updated to include sore throat, fatigue, headache, and six other symptoms which are now commonly associated with the virus. Shortness of breath,…
Cost-effectiveness in diagnosis of stable angina patients: a decision-analytical modelling approach
Objective Given recent data on published diagnostic accuracies, this study sought to determine the most cost-effective diagnostic strategy for detection of significant coronary artery disease (CAD) in stable angina patients using invasive coronary angiography (ICA) and fractional flow reserve (FFR)
Cervicovestibular Rehabilitation: A Focally Effective Intervention, But Not a Cure-All in Patients with Persistent Symptoms after Traumatic Brain injury
Journal of Neurotrauma, Volume 39, Issue 7-8, Page 435-435, April 2022.
Should the control arms of randomized trials have an expiry date?
Nature Reviews Clinical Oncology, Published online: 01 April 2022; doi:10.1038/s41571-022-00624-2 Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) are conducted when clinical equipoise between treatment options exists. However, some RCTs in patients with non-small-cell lung cancer continue to use chemotherapy as the control arm
Society for Maternal-Fetal Medicine (SMFM) Consult Series #62: Best practices in equitable care delivery: Addressing systemic racism and other social determinants of health as causes of obstetric disparities
The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention define “social determinants of health” as "the conditions in the places where people live, learn, work, and play" that can affect health outcomes. Systemic racism is a root cause of the power and
David Tennent Baird
bmj;377/apr01_10/o765/FAF1faDavid Tennent Baird, one of the country’s most eminent figures in obstetrics, gynaecology, and reproductive biology, has died at the age of 86. Reflections on his life and…
Indirect paths from genetics to education
Nature Genetics, Published online: 31 March 2022; doi:10.1038/s41588-021-00999-5 The largest genetic study of educational attainment (EA) so far combines gene mapping and family analyses to show that genetic associations with EA and its health benefits may be mostly indirect. As
An evolving hypothesis in autoimmune disease genetics
Nature Reviews Genetics, Published online: 31 March 2022; doi:10.1038/s41576-022-00482-9 In this Journal Club, Yukinori Okada recalls a 1987 publication that introduced a simple conceptual framework, the shared epitope hypothesis, to explain the genetic risk of rheumatoid arthritis conferred by HLA-DRB1
CAR T cells show promise in the frontline for high-risk LBCL
Nature Reviews Clinical Oncology, Published online: 31 March 2022; doi:10.1038/s41571-022-00628-y CAR T cells show promise in the frontline for high-risk LBCL
Cancer risk among World Trade Center rescue and recovery workers: A review
Abstract Twenty years after the September 11th, 2001 terrorist attacks, the association between exposures present at the World Trade Center (WTC) site and the risk of several specific types of cancer has been reported among rescue and recovery workers. The
Sheldon Penman (1930–2021)
Sheldon Penman died on September 27, 2021, at the age of 91. The impact of Sheldon Penman’s contributions to establishing and characterizing cell structure–gene expression relationships were enormous and far reaching.
[Editorial] Planetary health for the ages
This year’s World Health Day, on April 7, has the theme “our planet, our health”. It draws attention to the inextricable link between human health and environmental change, and to the limits of an ecology that cannot sustain unfettered consumption
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